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Easy History of China - Warlord era of China (Updated 16 Feb 2018)
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Preface
After the last dynasty of China, the Chinese government was no longer capable of running this giant country machine. China was separated into fragments by many warlords followed behind of Western powers and Japanese imperialism.
With the collapse of Qing dynasty in the late of 1911, one of the former military leaders Yuan Shikai has inaugurated as the first president of the Republic of China (Later changed to Beiyang government) by threatening the royal family to abdicate using his military impact. But he has never been satisfied with his power. In 1915 he tied to bring China back to monarchy country with the start of forcing congressman and provincial senate following his orders and a series of assassinations to other presidential candidates.
The wheel of history will never be reversed back, He was doomed to fail his emperor dream. He died in 1916 with national wide rebellions and strong controversy. With his son wasn't able to control his father's old senior colleagues and friends, China has started its catastrophe.
Different factions of warlord and well-known events during warlord era. (Latest update)
Northern factions
The death of Yuan made Beiyang army split into three main cliques, Zhili clique was mainly led by Feng Guozhang and Fengtian clique was mainly led by Zhang Zuolin and Anhui clique was mainly led by Duan Qirui.
The conflicts among those three cliques were to gain the dominance of Beijing. International recognition was based on the presence of Beijing, also made legitimized of clique hereby gained control of tariff and international loans.
Southern factions
In southern provinces, Gui clique, Dian clique, Yue clique and other pro-Sun Yat-sen cliques formed the main anti-restoration of monarchy and Beiyang government warlord factions. Controlling of Guangdong and Guangxi province played an important role in regional conflicts among each cliques.
Qing’s well-known loyalist general Zhang Xun was attempting to restore the abdicated emperor Puyi in 1917. Next year, Sun Yat-sen recreated China Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) due to demotion and isolation brought by his group members during Constitutional Protection War.
After Beiyang government re-controlled Beijing regime from Zhang Xun, The President of Beiyang refused to re-implement to "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China". Constitutional Protection War was one of the main conflicts during Constitutional Protection Movement led by Sun Yat-sen.
Several warlord factions existed in China from 1916 to 1928 with the ending of Northern Expedition by China Nationalist Party.
Northern factions
Shanxi clique led by Yan Xishan.
Guominjun mainly led by Feng Yuxiang.
Xinjiang clique Yang Zengxi.
Ma Clique led by Ma family.
Southern factions
Sichuan clique mainly led by Liu Xiang.
New Guangxi Clique mainly led by Li Zongren.
Chinese Communist Party mainly led by Mao Zedong.
And other a few provincial factions.
Warlords regional distribution in 1925
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Post comment Comment (4 replies)
- Reply teadrinking
- Nice share. The introduction of that history has reminded me of that old time. History lets us think and rethink, meanwhile we learn from a lot from what we have experienced. It goes to be like as it is doomed to be. That is the power of nature and principle of the universe.
PS: Happy Spring Festival.
- Reply Jess.Y
- Thank you.
teadrinking: Nice share. The introduction of that history has reminded me of that old time. History lets us think and rethink, meanwhile we learn from a lot from w ...
History sometimes can guide your life.
Happy spring festival.
- Reply teadrinking
- The year of the dog is coming. Have a good time and best wishes for the new year.
Jess.Y: Thank you.
History sometimes can guide your life.
Happy spring festival.
