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艰难的国运与雄健的国民

艰难的国运与雄健的国民  (李大钊)

National Crisis vs Heroic Nation

Li Dazhao

 

历史的道路,不会是坦平的,有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的(1)  。 
The course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with difficultiesand obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them.

 

一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河,有时流到很宽阔的境界(2),平原无际,一泻万里(3)。有时流到很逼狭的境界,两岸丛山迭岭,绝壁断崖,江河流于期间,回环曲折,极其险峻(4)。民族生命的进展,其经历亦复如是。
A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lyingboundless on either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands uponthousands of miles. Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked byhigh mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a periloustwist and turn. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.

 

人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人(5)所经过的地方,有时是坦荡平原,有时是崎岖险路(6)。志于旅途的人,走到平坦的地方,因是高高兴兴地向前走,走到崎岖的境界,愈是奇趣横生(7),觉得在此奇绝壮绝(8)的境界,愈能感到一种冒险的美趣(9.
The historical course of man's life is just like a journey. A traveller on along journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardousroad. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey uponreaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come toa rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, isbetter able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.

 

中华民族现在所逢的史路,是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这段道路上,实在亦有一种奇绝壮绝的境致,使我们经过此段道路的人,感得一种壮美的趣味,但这种壮美的趣味,是非有雄健的精神的,不能够感觉到的。
The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of itshistorical course. Nevertheless, there is also in this section a spectacle ofenormous
magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor.And this delightful sensation, however, can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit.

我们的扬子江、黄河,可以代表我们的民族精神,扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去,以成其浊流滚滚,一泻万里的魄势(10)。目前的艰难境界,哪能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。我们应该拿出雄健的精神,高唱着进行的曲调,在这悲壮歌声中,走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知(11)在艰难的国运中建造国家,亦是人生最有趣味的事……
The Yangtse River and the Yellow River are both symbolic of our national spiritthe two mighty rivers negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrentssurge forward with irresistible force. The present national crisis can neverobstruct the advance of our national life. Let us brace up our spirits andmarch through this rugged, dangerous road to the tune of our solemn, stirringsongs. The greatest joy of life, mind you, is to build up our country duringits most difficult days.



翻译解析:

李大钊此文载于1923年12月20日《新国民》第一卷第2号上,短小隽永,堪称一首诗意盎然的抒情散文诗。作者用象征,比喻等手法,说明历史发展的必然规律以及中国革命面临的艰难险阻。

(1)“这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的”译为nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them,其中nothing short of相当于nothing less than或only 。

(2)“宽阔的境界”须按上下文译为abroad section。“境界”在这里不宜译为realm, place, area等。

(3)“一泻万里”译为rollingon non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles,但也可译为 rolling on vigorously for tens of thousands of miles或rolling on for thousands of miles at a stretch 。

(4)“回环曲折,极其险峻”译为windingthrough a course with many a perilous twist and turn, 其中twist and turn来自成语twists and turns。此句亦可译为following a dangerous tortuous course .

(5)“征人”即“远行之人”,故译“旅途上的征人”为atraveler on a long journey。

(6)“有时……,有时……”译为now... now...  ( =sometimes... ... and sometimes... ... )。

(7)“奇趣横生”意即“极度吸引人”,故译为fascinating 。

(8)“奇绝壮绝”意即“无限壮观”,故译为the enormously magnificent spectacle .

(9)“感到一种冒险的美趣”意即“一种敢于冒险的美妙感觉”,故译为a wonderful sensation of adventure。

(10)“遇见沙漠,遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去,以成其浊流滚滚,一泻万里的魄势”译为negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surgeforward with irresistible force,其中动词tonegotiate的意思是“顺利通过”(to succeed in getting past something difficult )。注意until在这里的用法。它在此不作“直到……为止”解,而是so that finally(“以至于……”或“最后”)的意思。

(11)“要知”译为mind you,插入句中。成语mind you的意思是mind what I say或 however,相当干汉语的“请注意”或“说真的”。


作者简介:

李大钊(18891029日-1927428日),字守常,河北乐亭人,中国共产党主要创立人之一,中国最早的马克思主义者和共产主义者之一,是中国国民党第一届中央执行委员会委员之一,也是在北伐时期推动颠覆中国政府的重要人物之一,同时为共产国际的成员及其在中国的代理人。192746日张作霖派军警突袭搜查苏联大使馆,李大钊全家同时在苏联大使馆被捕,李大钊接受军法审判,在此期间李大钊著有《狱中自述》。428日李大钊等20名国共人员被绞刑处决,时年38岁。


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