高考英语--简单句

【要点提示】

1、感叹句：感叹句有两个基本句式句式：

   1）What + N. phrase + subject + be / v. !

      这里的名词短语有以下三种可能：a、 a / an + adj. + 名词单数   b、adj. + 名词复数   c、adj. + 不可数名词

e.g. What a lovely boy he is!  What sweet flowers they are!

   What cold weather it is!

   2) How + adj. + the + N.(单数、复数、不可数)+ subject + be / link-v.

e.g. How lovely the boy is!     How sweet the flowers are!

   How could the weather is!   How smooth the silk feels!

  另：上两种感叹句可以相互转换

有时, 在上下文明确的情况下，可以省略How后面的形容词。

e.g. How (fast / well)the students work!     How well / beautifully)she sings!

2、反意疑问句：

1) 反意疑问句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原则。

e.g. He likes playing football, doesn’t he?  

   You don’t watch TV in the evening, do you? 

注：a、当前否后肯时，要注意它的答局的意思。

e.g. She doesn’t speak English, does she?  

Yes, she does.(不，她讲英语的)  No, she doesn’t. (是的，不讲)

   2）祈使句的反意部分用won’t you?/ shan’t we? 或will you?/ shall we? 但常用will you?/ shall we?

e.g  Lend me a hand, will you?   Let us pass through the room, will you?

    Don’t make any noise, will you?  Let’s play tennis now, shall we?

   3）含有否定意思的副词：hardly、no、not、never、seldom、little、scarcely 等，属于准否定词，用于句中时，该句即为否定句。

      e.g. He hardly goes home on Sundays, does he?

          The little boy seldom tells lies, does he?

但是像unfair、useless、impossible、dislike等词，虽然也有否定意思，但由于它们是在一个词前加前缀dis- / im- / un- 等或在词后加后缀 -less构成的，不属于准否定词。当这些词用于句中时，该句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍然用否定式。

e.g. You dislike the way he speaks, don’t you?

   It is impossible to finish the work in three hours, isn’t it?

   4) must 表示推测时，反意部分用must后面的动词的相应助动词形式。

e.g. He must know both English and French, doesn’t he?

   She must have know the answer to the question, hasn’t she?

   They must have visited the farm last week, didn’t they?

  注意：a、Let me引起的祈使句，反意部分用will you? / won’t you? / may I。

        b、当陈述部分的主语是：—body或—one 构成的不定代词时，反意部分的主语用he或they；是—thing 时，用it。

        c、I am ….. 的反意部分用aren’t I?

3、双宾语：有些英语动词可以接双宾语，句式为： subject + vt. + sb.(间接宾语)+ sth.（直接宾语） 英语中，能接双宾语的常用动词有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish…. 。

    e.g. Can I ask you a question, Sir?    She made me a model ship for my birthday.

    注：带双宾语的句子可以被改为 subject + vt. + sth(直接宾语)+ 介词 + sb. 的形式。

        其中的介词，常用的有：to、 for、 of ….。归纳如下：

hand owe pay post promise read return send show teach…sth.  to  sb.

boil buy draw choose earn find gather order save sing …  sth.  for  sb.

ask request demand  sth.of / from  sb.

   另还有：play a joke / trick on sb ; play a game with / against sb.

   e.g.  Excuse me, you demand too much from / of me.

        May I ask a question of you?

4、句型：Subject + link-v. + n. / adj.

   在该句型中的系动词有特定含义，有“人称、数、时态”等形式变化。常用的有：

   显得：look , appear , seem   

   变得：become , come , fall , get , go , grow , run , turn 

   持续是：continue , keep , remain , stand , stay

   听（闻、尝、摸）起来：sound, smell, taste, feel

   证明是：prove 

   e.g. His words proved right.      The dish smells wonderful.

5、有些动词不表示动作，而表示事物的特性，用主动形式表示被动含义，这类动词有：   wash, write, sell, drive, feel, hang….等。

   e.g. Some pictures are hanging on the wall. 

  This kind of car drive smooth and fast.

       The pen writes well so sells well.

【各个击破】

1. ______ nice weather it is! Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?              

　A. HowB. How aC. What aD. What

2. —Nothing wrong with it, _____?                                 

  —No. Yours is a special-built model. Drive carefully, though. It takes time to run in a new car.

   A. is itB. has itC. are theyD. is there

3. He had little idea that it was getting so late, _______?                   

   A. didn’t heB. wasn’t itC. did heD. was it

4. Polly must be unhappy without me, _____ she?

   A. mustB. isC. mustn’tD. isn’t

5. I’m late, ____?

   A. am I B. am not I   C. aren’t I D. aren’t you

6. Let’s go to the cinema, ____?

  A. shall weB. will you   C. will weD. don’t we

7. —— She didn’t come to school yesterday, did she?

  —— ____, though she was not feeling very well.

   A. No, she didn’tB. Yes, she didn’t  C. No, she did D. Yes, she did

8. —— Alice, you feed (喂) the bird today, ____ ?    

—— But I fed it yesterday.

   A. do youB. will you       C. didn’t youD. don’t you

9. The boy is unlike his mother, ____ he?

   A. isB. isn’t  C. doesn’t     D. does

10. Do be careful when you cross the street, ____ you?

   A. don’tB. aren’t  C. will     D. must

习惯用法

【要点点拨】

1.It’s the first time that……….(从句中用现在完成时)

It was for the first time that………(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调)

It’s (high) time that……..(从句中用过去时或should do)

2.It’s the same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此（用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）

3.…be about to do / be doing……when…….正要做/正在做……就在那时…….

4   A is twice / three times as +原级+as B

A is twice / three times the n. of B.

    A is twice / three times +比较级+than B

5.   I t’s a waste of time / money doing / to do…

It’s no use / good doing………

It’s possible / probable / (un) likely that……….

It makes great / no sense to do……做某事很有/没意义

6.      There’s no use / good doing…….

There’s no sense / point (in) doing……

There is no need for sth. / to do…….

There is (no) possibility that…………（同位语从句）

7.The+比较级…….., the+比较级………越…….., 越…….

注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；

8.    It seems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb…….在某人看来某人………

.= Sb. seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done……..

It seems / looks as if……….好象/似乎……..

9.It (so) happened that sb. ……..某人碰巧……..

= Sb. happened to be / to do / to be doing / to have done…..

10.It is said / thought / believed / hoped / supposed …….that sb………

=Sb. is said to be / to do / to be doing / to have done……….(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hope sb. to do结构)

12     …….such…….that…….如此…….以致于（引导结果状语从句）

      …….such……..as……像……..的这种……(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)

13. Do you mind if I do sth.?  /  Would you mind if I did sth.?

14. The chance is that……../ (The )Chances are that……….很可能…….

15.Check / Make sure / See to it  / See that……..(从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必……..

16.     depend on it that……..取决于 

see to it that…….负责/设法做到…….

注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；

17．  It is / was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+that………

      How / When / Where / Why is / was it that………..?

注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）

18   .How is it that……..（这几个句型都表示“怎么会…….?” “怎么发生的？”）

  How come+从句？

  How does / did sth. come about? ( How did it come about that…….?)

如:How come you are late again?

19.    There seems / appears / happens to be / must be / can’t be / is (are, was, were) said to be / is (are, was, were) thought to be…….

表示 “.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/ 据说有/认为有……..”

      介词（如of ）there being

      want / wish / expect there to be要/希望/期待有……..

      adj. / adv. enough for there to be…….足够…….会有…….

注意：there being / there to be为there be的非谓语形式；It is said / thought that there is / are……=There is / was / are / were said (thought) to be……. 如：

I have never dream of there being such a good chance for me.

It won’t be cold enough for there to be a frost tonight.

20. 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？

Who do you think he’ll have attend the meeting?

21. But for+n. / pron.,  sb. / sth. would (not) have done…..要不是……., 某人早就……(表示虚拟语气)=If it had not been for…..,……./ If there had not been ……., ……..

22.    It won(’t) be long be fore +从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要…….

 It was (not) long before+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才……..

23.    Those who………….(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式).

 Anyone who…………= Whoever………..(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)

24…….主句（一般现在时或过去时）…...when从句….(might / should do 或might / should have done) 表示”对比”,意思为 “本该……(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如:

Why are you here when you should be in school?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?

He stopped trying when he might have succeeded .本该已成功了他却停止努力了.

25.    There is ./ Sb. have no doubt that………(同位语从句,that不可省略)

There is / Sb. have some doubt whether……..(同位语从句不可用if)

    Sb. doubt if / whether…….

 Sb. don’t doubt that………

26    . immediately / directly / instantly / the moment +从句

 on / upon + n. / doing

 No sooner had sb. done than …….(过去时)

 Hardly had sb. done  when……..(过去时)

注意：这几个结构都表示“一…….就”；

27.     every time / each time / the last time / the first time / next time +从句（名词性短语引导一个时间状语

句）

anywhere / everywhere +从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）

You can go anywhere you like.

Next time you come, please bring your son along.

28.If only / I  wish +从句(用过去类时态) 表示虚拟语气, “要是…….就好了” “但愿……就好了!”

29   .Considering + n. 或 pron. 或 that从句 / Seeing that……….考虑到/鉴于…….

Given + n. / pron作状语,表示 “在有……的情况下” “如果有” “假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”

Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should help him now.

Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.

Given their inexperience / that they are inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.

30.There was a time when…….曾经有那么一度……….

31.other than与no, not, none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:

It was none other than Mr. Smith.这正是Smith先生.

32.   Not until…….did / do/ does / will sb. do……

It was / is not until ……that sb………

33.It’s (un) like sb. to do / to have done……做某事很像某人/ 做某事可不像某人

34.It remains to be seen Wh--words ……..是否…….还有待于看.(不用that, if作连接词)

35.It only remains for sb. to do……剩下的只是要某人做某事.

We’ve got everything ready. It only remains for you to come to dinner.

36.One moment……., and now………刚才一会儿还在做……而现在却……..

37.Not all / both / everyone………表示部分否定

38. Such is / are……..这(些)就是…….(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)

39.    I’d rather (not) do / have done……我宁愿…..

    I’d rather +从句（从句中用过去时或过去完成时）

40. It’s important / necessary / strange / surprising….+that……(用陈述语气或should do)

41. I like / hate / appreciate it that / when等从句 (it表示后面从句的这种情况)

I appreciate it if you will give me a hand.

42. By the time +从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完成时）

43………., as is often the case with sb. / as is usual with sb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)

44 in case / lest / for fear that…….(从句中用陈述语气或should do)

45.While置于句首可表示As long as 或 Although

While there is life there is hope.

While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones.

46.   can not ( never) ……too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越……越好”“非常”

   too + adj. ( anxious / eager / willing / ready / glad等)+to do….表示肯定意思

I can’t thank you enough.我非常感激你.

He was too glad to see his father.=He was very glad to see his father.

47. not / neve等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：

-----Do you agree with his suggestion? -------I can’t agree more.

48. What if……..要是…….怎么办？

What if he doesn’t come tomorrow?

49. more……..than与其…….不如……..

He is more nervous than frightened.    

50. It is / has been +一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)

It is two years since he drank.他不喝酒已两年了.

【各个击破】

1.Mr. Smith didn’t understand ______ made his son so upset this morning.

A. what was it   B. why it was this   C. how that was  D. what it was that

2.-----Did you have a good sleep last night?

----Yes, never sleep _______.

A. badly   B. better   C. worse   D. best

3.We are only _____ glad to do anything we can _______ her.

A.too; to help  B. very; help  C too; help  D. very; helping

4.-----How come you are late for class again?

-------_____________.

A. Because I missed the bus   B. By bus and then on foot

C. Please excuse me        D. It’s quite wrong

5._______more than 3,000 languages in the world.

A. There are thought to be   B. There is thought to be

C. They are thought to be    D. It is thought to be

6.-----George is a wise person.

-----But in my opinion, he is ______ than wise.

A. cleverer   B. braver    C. more brave   D. less brave

7.-----So can I ask you a few fairly straightforward questions about yourself?

-----No problem. I like ________ when people are open and direct.

A. that   B. this   C. it    D. them

8.----______I move the picture over here?

----I suppose it’ll look better.

A. How if   B. What about   C. How about   D. What if

9.China has produced ______ this year as it did in 2002.

A. as twice much steel   B. twice steel as much

C. twice as much steel   D. as much steel twice

10.-----_______was it ______ you discovered the secret of his?

  ------Totally by chance.

A. How; when   B. What; that  C. What; when   D. How; that

11.-----Who on earth could it be?

 ------It was _______ other than Clint Eastwood.

A. none   B. nothing   C. not   D. nobody

12._____his age, he did it quite well, so don’t ______ him any more.

A Given; blame   B. Considered; say  C. To regard; scold  D. Considering; speak

13.No sooner _____ themselves in their seats in the theatre ______ the curtain went up.

A. they have settled; before   B. had they settled; than

C. have they settled; when    D. they had settled; than

14. -----Did you meet with the famous space hero, Yang Liwei?

  ------______I had come here earlier!

A. If only   B. If not   C. But for   D. For fear

15.The students expected __________ more reviewing classes before the final exams.

A. it would be   B. there being  C. it to be   D. there to be

16.Students shouldn’t be given so difficult a problem _____ they can not work out.

A. that   B. which   C. while   D. as

17. It was twelve o’clock at midnight _______ they arrived at a lonely village.

A. that   B. before    C. since    D. when

18.-----The exam wasn’t difficult, was it?

 ------No, but I don’t think ______could pass it.

A. somebody   B. anybody   C. everybody   D. nobody

19.-----I always take care when doing papers on the computer.

 -----You meant it! One can not be  _______careful working on it.

A. too    B. very   C. so    D. quite

20.-----Is Miss White working these days?

 ------No. It is two months since she worked here.

 ------Oh,_____________?

A. where is she working now   B. would you please show me the way

C. which is her office      D. is she ill