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基数词

基数词构成法

1)基数词(Caidinal Numerals)指表示数目的词。下面是最基本的基数词,其他数目都由这些基数词构成:

1 one11 eleven100
2 two12 twelve20 twentya hundred
3 three13 thirteen30 thirty1,000
4 four14 fourteen40 fortya thousand
5 five15 fifteen50 fifty1,000,000
6 six16 sixteen60 sixtya million
7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy1,000,000,000
8 eight18 eighteen80 eightya billion(十亿)
9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety
10 ten
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2)基数词构成法:
除了上表列出的词外,其他基数词构成的方法如下:
a.21—29:先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间要加连字号:
39  thirty-nine                   52  fifty-two
83  eighty-three                  91  ninety-one
b.109—999:先说“几百”,再加and,再加末尾两位数或末位数:
375  three hundred and seventy-five
582  five hundred and eighty-two
819  eight hundred and nineteen
902  nine hundred and two
c.1,000以上的词:
先从后向前数,每三位数加一个逗号,用这个方法把数目分作若干段,再一段段地念;第一个逗号前的数为thousand,第二个逗号前的数为million,第三个逗号前的数为billion,例如:
4,007               four thousand and seven
8,021               eight thousand and twenty-one
13,849              thirteen thousand, eight hundred and forty-nine
631,562             six hundred and thirty-one thousand, five hundred and sixty-two
54,256,000          fifty-four million, two hundred and fifty-six thousand
970,000,000         nine hundred and seventy million
14,800,000,000      fourteen billion eight hundred million
2,000,000,000,000   two trillion(两万亿)
在这类数词中,hundred,thousand,million,billion等词都用单数形式。
基数词在句中的作用

1)基数词在句中主要用作:
a.定语:
 (1)The river is about eighty miles long. 这条河大约八十英里长。
 (2)By then he was more than fifty years of age. 这时他已五十多岁了。
 (3)Over 4,650,000 workers were involved in the strikes. 有四百六十五万多工人参加了这些罢工。
b.主语:
 (1)There were millions of blooms. 有数以百万计的花。
 (2)Two of the girls are from California. 姑娘中有两个来自加州。
 (3)Three will be enough. 三个就够了。
c.宾语或介词宾语:
 (1)I read four of her novels. 我看了她写的四本小说。
 (2)“How many workers do they employ?” “Over two hundred, I think.” “他们雇佣了多少工人?”“我想有两百多吧。”
 (3)The city has a population of three million. 这座城市有三百万人口。
d.表语:
 (1)He was a little over five. 他才五岁多一点。
 (2)Its population is nearly two million. 它的人口接近两百万。
 (3)I’m fourteen and she’s twelve. 我十四岁,她十二岁。
e.同位语:
 (1)You two take these seats. 你们两人坐这里。
 (2)Have you got tickets for us three? 有我们三个人的票吗?
2)基数词还可用于复数形式,表示很大的数量:
 (1)The boat cost hundreds of pounds. 这条船花了几百英镑。
 (2)Thousands of people attended the meeting. 数千人参加了这次会议。
 (3)Millions (of people) are at risk from the disease. 数以百万计的人受到这种疾病的威胁。
 (4)Tens of thousands of buffaloes used to roam the prairie.草原上过去有数以万计的野牛。
 (5)Thousands upon thousands of scallops appear off Long Island in the fall. 秋天长岛附近的海滩上会出现数以万计的扇贝。
3)某些基数词的复数形式可以用在“in the (one’s)—”结构中,表示:
a.年岁:
 (1)He was a thinnish fellow in his forties. 他是个偏瘦的人,有四十多岁了。
 (2)She is in her early (late) twenties. 她现在二十一二(八九)岁。
 (3)He died in his fifties. 他五十多岁时死了。
b.年代:
 (1)This took place in the 1950’s. 这事发生在(二十世纪)五十年代。
 (2)He was working abroad in the 70’s. 七十年代他在国外工作。
4)一些数学公式的读法如下:
7+4=11     Seven plus four is eleven.
12-5=7     Twelve minus five is seven.
6×8=48    Six times eight (Six multiplied by eight) is forty-eight.
24÷6=4    Twenty-four divided by six is four.
a > b      a is more than b.
a < b      a is less than b.
a≈b       a approximately equals b.
a≠b       a is not equal to b.

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