Cisco CEO演讲

Cisco

　思科——通往新商道的金桥
　　思科系统公司（Cisco Systems, Inc.），是互联网解决方案的领先提供者，其设备和软件产品主要用于连接计算机网络系统。1984年12月，思科系统公司在美国成立，创始人是斯坦福大学的一对教师夫妇，计算机系的计算机中心主任莱昂纳德·波萨克（Leonard Bosack）和商学院的计算机中心主任桑蒂·勒纳（Sandy Lerner），夫妇二人设计了叫做“多协议路由器”的联网设备，用于斯坦福校园网络（SUNet），将校园内不兼容的计算机局域网整合在一起，形成一个统一的网络。这个联网设备被认为是联网时代真正到来的标志。约翰·钱伯斯于1991年加入思科，1996年，钱伯斯执掌思科帅印，是钱伯斯把思科变成了一代王朝。

思科总裁约翰·钱伯斯

　　对于思科公司来说，它所面对的是一个2000亿美元的网络设备市场。现在他的经营范围几乎覆盖了网络建设的每个部分：组成互联网和数据传送的路由器、交换机等网络设备市场现在几乎都由思科公司控制。由于网络信息每四个月就增加一倍，需要更新、更快的网络传输设备支撑，这意味着思科的市场还在不断膨胀，从而使思科的市场成了最受欢迎、增长最快的公司。该思科总裁约翰·钱伯斯[1]企业品牌在世界品牌实验室（World Brand Lab）编制的2006年度《世界品牌500强》排行榜中名列第四十，在《巴伦周刊》公布的2006年度全球100家大公司受尊重度排行榜中名列第三十。《财富》2008年度高盈利科技企业排行榜思科位于第3位。

Cisco名称的由来
　　现代英汉综合大辞典中解释，Cisco的意思是加拿大雪鲦［白鲑］。但Cisco并非由此得来，而是SanFrancisco（旧金山）的最后五个字母。据说，当初申请建立公司的时候，一个委托人不小心把印有SanFrancisco的前7个字母的纸片撕掉了，后来没办法就成Cisco。公司的徽标也和旧金山有所关联，是不是像极了金门大桥？
公司主要产品
　　以路由器，交换机，IOS软件为主要，还有宽带有线产品、板卡和模块、内容网络、网络管理、光纤平台、网络安全产品与VPN设备、网络存储产品、视频系统、IP通信系统、无线产品等。
　　1986年3月，思科公司向犹他州州立大学提供了世界上第一台路由产品——AGS（先进网关服务器）。
　　1994年，思科推出第一种面向客户端/服务器式工作组的智能Cisco Catalyst系列交换机，第一批新产品来自于对Crescendo的收购。

思科的总部位于美国加利福尼亚州的圣荷西；位于马萨诸塞州的Chelmsford和北卡罗来纳州研究三角园（Research Triangle Park）的分部负责思科公司部分重要的业务运作。
　　思科（中国）总部位于北京市朝阳区建国门外大街2号北京银泰中心 银泰写字楼C座 7-12层。
　　思科系统（中国）研发有限公司在上海的研发中心（CRDC）地址：上海漕河泾高新技术开发区宜山路900号科技大厦C楼14层 邮编：200233

It's a pleasure to be here today. In many ways it's bind of interesting because somebody would have asked. Would an internet working company be given a key note at COMDEX just two years ago. three many people in this room would have that would happen three going avoid in the front row that even with our own company we would not consider this a desktop or client/server shall with operate assistant etc.In some of the largest players at this show two year ago would nearly ignore the internet, and yet if you look today and where the products of all almost all the companies at the show will be our the next three years the devices be the high tech and low tech would have major connectivity and almost all the high productivity applications will lasorate their network in a major way. In short, we are involving to get the technologies closer and closer together, and we are changing almost every aspect of our lives as we go forward. I don't think it's too large a statement to say we are almost in a revolution if you will as we move forward. It will change literally the way we work, live, play, and learn and the way many people have not thought of. And I want to throw out the discussion refer to the internet. As you can see as you grow you get a lot of more attention in many ways most of them for the better if we wish to move forward. We want all our concerns. But also encourage people to voice interns at the night time and our voice being very successful to anyone's comer's at any point of time. But what you see is the internet and I want to define the internet not in a whole bunch of technology terms. The Internet to me is one big network. It's not the cooperate intranets, it's not the extraneous that tie together your supplies with you at work. It's not the big-internet It's all one that works because no sooner do we create the terminology than the line learn. But literally it will change every aspect of our lives the way we work. Those companies who understand how to apply the technology would get ahead of other companies, and perhaps it would determine the growth of their survival. It will change the way we play and live and the ways just started to dream about the day and perhaps children understand better than we do. And we also change the way we learn, because the people who graduate today from school will have between sit and ten jobs as they move forward. I want to very much thank COMDEX for allowing me to be have today and I also want to thank to group for alloy group bawdy that works in Europe and welcome the European crowd.

I'd like to really focus on prmaly house change the way as we move forward. But I want draw how quickly this change occurring involving almost like Industrial Revolution if you the past. When you think about it, the Industrial Revolution occurred, starting in Great Britain spread in West Europe and then the United States. It changed the way we worked lived in place many for the better. It determines which economy will take off. It also determines what was the shill sets we needed, the very simply good, what it did is it brought together machines and people in factories and changed forever our life. It was a revolution that occurred several hundred years and lured populations move from country to country and companies move from country to country based upon their ability to employ the technology in this Industrial Revolution. I don't think internet revolution is any difference. It's gone change all aspects of our way of lives. It literally will bring together the internet revolution if you will-people and information in global virtual companies and it will have the same effect that the Industrial Revolution did. But the internet moves in what we call dog-years or internet-years. One calendar year is dogs-like is really seven years. The same thing is true (in) the internet. The internet moves at the pace almost seven times faster than normal business. Just look at how much it occurred in the lost two years since COMDEX two yeas ago and discussion that work the role it place as you move forward. It's also going to be internet generation. We are all part of that. And generation does not apply to one age group. Our children perhaps understand more about the internet than many of the people in this room in terms of how to use it and how to server for it. When I talk to a number of our customers, they would say:" John, it might surprise you in the face of the strong internet." I am talking about people who are going to be consumers. And many of them said that I had the answer. Eighteen to thirty years old say:" Yes, I expect that." But fifty-five and over. The people who have extra time on their hands to have an application to learn how to use internet for such as looking up their stocks or communicate with grand-children studying to be in this area. Or internet generation also applies to companies. Those companies who understand how to employ this technology pick the right applications at the right time understand the compete advantage keep one step ahead in this now market would be those who grow and survive as you move frond before And it's also applied to the countries. Just like the Industrial Revolution dermises which country had the best standard of living over a period of hundreds of years. The internet revolution wills the same impact. Those countries who use this technology to add productivity activity to the government, who uses this technology in the way, they teach children how to employ it to be more effective not always in business but also in the way they live and play. And those countries and companies to employ would determine the future of their economies in many ways. It used to be the U.S, Europe and Japan as example. You could often tell what the economy was like in terms of internet but also the main cards. Almost no Japanese businessperson has called one had an internet address on it?

Today it's almost socially unacceptable not to do that. The Japanese in four years have closed the advantage that the Europe and North America to have on the internet where it almost completely equal. Then understood the impact that it will have on the future of their business, the future of the country, the future of their children. So the internet generation is people, companies in countries move in an unbelievable pace as it move forward.

There are two things that are really driving this. The first is its fourth generation of technology, with each generation being dramatically bigger than the prior generation. For several decades, it was be the main trend, followed by mini-computer  ,and then literally Comdex desktop and client/server applications pieces of lands. And now it is the new work generation. And it will have more impact probably them all the three prior generations combined .So as you more into the new generation technology you naturally see the explosion. But what is driving it even stronger than the technology is the business establication. It doesn't matter if you are in Germany, France, UK. US., Japan , or China. All the business organizations have the same challenges. They understand the particularly large companies organize improperly property You see the spends in control increase dramatically removal of the layers of the organizations in the impairment of the workforce. But the impairment only works if you have access to the information and you know what you surpose to be able to do. And nearly the companies you learn how to do this are going to be the one moving ahead. The average productivity or profilablity return that we get Cisco as and example is over 10% per year increase of profilability or productivity within the company because they how use the application. And average productivity is over 50% increase for the Internet application that we do. I didn't understand how quickly this was changing to more and more of chief executive bosses (offices) have realized that the internet is going to be the bey productivity towards the next decade perhaps determines their survival. An example mould be two years ago if I call exactly the chief officer of a large financial institution We had a very good conversation. They asked me the questions that the CIO and for about the first ten minutes and for the next forty minutes they discussed about investing ascos I billion dollars in cash or if I didn't want to give them the money to invest, how about making loan to me. And other words execution cannot less us about this technology. Today it's very common to meet with the whole executine management team. The talk with the leaders the financial institution about how this is going to be prime activity for the next decade for them. The talk about how they are going to use this tool as banking, and insurance, and stock recourage combine to present the board and the director why this is important to get improve of their budget and even when they  key customers to meet with those customers to explain how the financial institution is going to use the technology in the way that will benefit them. And this is occurring at a increasingly fast pace. The business drivers Let's use the U.S. as an example During the prior generation of technology many computers. If you look at the total capital spending the amount of money was spent on plants equipment automobile things of that type, it was in a single date during the seventies As PC stared to take off, another desktop dient server devices, you began to see an increase. Today networking is nearly driving this increase. You are taking about in the area of capital spending in the U.S. 43% of all capital spending going to high-tech. One of the reasons our economy is so strong in the U.S. verses other economies a round the world is how this high technology is being applied and it doesn't take mathematicians very long to realize which way this trend is heading. But you can still see other countries around the world follow the similar trends or they are going to be left behind as you move forward. When you look at the network, if I were to show you a network design of what you go through a major business only an engineer would get excited about it which is cool. It is unbelievable complex. In terms of how you share information. For me, leader's point of view I look at the network I think about is my home office, my international locations, my sales offices, my key suppliers, the ability of my employees, and partners, and suppliers get access from their homes to the information entitled to or as you move around the world. But as I began to look at the complexity this represent is kind of scaring. Nearly what you want to see from customers or what customers want to see us do as venders is make this transparent to them. To mess this complexity. To compare if you will simplicity of the telephone just want to work wants to be easy to use. But what many people forget is that the telephone was in being by Graham Bell in 1876, took a hundred and twenty years to get to where we are today. And were largely one company and one company in each country that has responsibility for implementing this service and making advice work together from your home or business all the way throughout the network. We got to move from the same point in networking to where the various devices high or low tech and the versions applications have to be very tightly in customers' perspective for the networking really to explode and for us to open up the opportunities many companies represent in this room. To do that it requires a generation partnership. It is our view that those companies who don't understand how to partner, how to a line, how to a partner acquire, and do join-venture would be left behind. And when you begin to think about the partnership that you are going to need that would be the network, but one side of the network would be the devices that you need, Whether those devices, dated devices, Video, must wkly the combination of those, PCs, telephones, etc. Network computer. And you've got to interface with those in the network and seen in the same way of customers' perspective. You've got to be able to get to the date ware where it is the network is and you don't care but you incorporate internet in the World Wide Web in your suppliers of network. You've got to be able to get there very quickly whether its on main frames mini-computers, PCs services, or whatever on that side. And you've got to be able to go over a number of various services prvrclers must carve to be able to get there in the network. And at the same time the customers or system integrators giceters would have to help to malice dangerous products work more effectively together and focus on contact applications. So you are going to a generation par tnerships. For Cisco as an example we begin to look which line we will align a number of PC companies, motor companies, mini-computer companies, etc. We are going to align with the people, we think home the probability of influence these internet plans. We would do the same thing on the service side of the home. We will look at which service providers are really going to push the technology the fastest and will align the Indian strategy. We will really allow them competitive advantage lower cost of ownership in the kind of market. And we will also look at which system integrators you want to align as you move forward. How many people in this room really two years ago thought a system of integrators, whose business used to be to combine various products malice more work together would ever allow the key nender. And this is the type of partnerships that will help to mass the complexity in the industry as we move forward. And those venders and companies in our industry you understand how to do this, how to partner, align , and align will be the ones who lead the industry.

Now the mine majority of this discussion is talking about how it is going to change the way we work, and ways we haven't even imagine. And what I talk about today, I believe one year from new the COMDEX will seem kind of mundane. It's nearly going to change every aspect of our lives and how we work. And I wish I could tell you the reuse ten or fifteen applications that will be applied every industry across the board. There aren't. The application very dramatically about which industry and what application has the biggest pay back. There are probably two key exceptions to that, one being electronic industries and government and second being training. But let me talk specifically about the applications might apply to a number of industries of people listening to the discussion today.

Let's first talk about manufacturing. In manufacturing, the key application which networking is really going to enable is productivity and time to market and leading automobiles companies around the world twenty years ago might do that in eight years. Then people began to look how to bring it down in 5 years or 3years. And now companies in Europe in the U.S. and Japan how to do that in one. You can't do this without very tight network duplications and network devices. You have to think about how to tie together not only in entire company so all your very engineering groups around the world, all your very many affection group around the world were work together but how do you integrate through network to your keys of layers, give them access to information. And companies who are able to do this with best productivity and best time to market would be throe who grow and survive and those who do not would go the other way. Similar example in the aircraft industry. How quickly a company can bring a product to market with productivity increases we talk about before would determine winners and losers in the air space industry. One of the larger space firm nearly recently cat their planes into sections get teams working around the world in each section, the nose section, the engines, the wings, the tails, the cabinet, etc. Tie in their sapphires the key part of their team, design and now build up planes completely with paper.

The point being in many manufacturing industry, productivity and kind of market are the two areas that people focus on and would determine which company move forward if you will, and which company goes sideways and revere way as you move forward.

The other day one of the made a comment made at the front page of the journal that kind of surprise me. If basically said that it is net just the discount stockbrokers that they going to use internet to purchase stock. It's going to apply to all, at the investment industry. And well, that was an interesting statement people said how other organization that are him rigors making money, it was just an application. What it really said in the security industry the various leaders in the company have to understand what one the elements of the network can model task. Which does each company have as a short-term or long-term competitive advantage and what is stable competitive advantages they offer. And you are going to have pressure products in the face of your customers based upon where those are. And how do you keep a step head in commode. And network would be the primary that determines how quickly this is going to happen and how you really protect this advantage that you to have, how you could have access to your customers' information that they need, what you can charge, what you can not for commonly information you can go directly, go directly into the system. And you want your financial advisers to value you on top of your customers, particularly as customers become more and more sophisticated. But more important when you talk to the leaders in the in source companies or the leaders of the banks they just talk about just how they make their own company more productive, they are not talking about their traditional competitors, they are really talking about their future competitors. When I talk to the CEO insurance company their future competitors they don't mention other insurance companies, they mention other fsnaneial institutions. And it helps people who are going to use the network to provide the applications which enable their insurance agent, their financial agent, the stockbroker, if you will, with the bank teller not only to do their applications but to do the applications through a combination of the integration that allow you to service the customer with one stock touch and educate people so that when I talk to my insurance agent, he or she would not always say:  John, you are eighteen year old, drive any better before than before ?¨ But be able to talk about here is the your stacks are you bought the other day based on your buying pattern, or something, she will be invested in. The mortgage is coming down you ought to think about finance your home at time, etc. And these would be the network applications with combination of human and artificial intelligence that really make it to go to determine the winners and losers as you more forward.

Let's talk about how you going to go to the consumer, Let's talk about what company used to consider as a key competitive advantage in the market place. You used to consider as a key competitive advantage in the market place it how many locations you had, how large an inventory you had In each of those locations. And when a consumer came in your ability to direct them to the product they wanted or you certainly suggest to them at time. You look at the largest book stores in our country. Perhaps as many as thousands that was, tens of thousands of employees, billions of dollars of sales, but think how this is going to change as the network comes about! Their key competitor of the larger company is small company or called Andock Come. And Andock come has 2.5 minion books that they can access to. And perhaps dramatically a better price. So all of a sudden all the book stoles have to think about what I have consider advantage in terms of employees and the actual inventory level that I had has to begin to think about what aid do I have when someone knocks at my store that I can get our the network. That's the transition they have to make our next 3or 5years. They will also sell the product through network then they will get the watch how to handle the channel distribution issues is other words, understanding where they aid is the stable compatible advantage, a temper competition advantage in the commodity of time.

A similar comparison could be drawn as you look forward to other industries. Toys come up to the holiday seasons. How many of you really love to go shopping in the crowds of the holiday season? I mean it's a thrill, isn't it! Finding lines, finding parking place, waiting in lines to buy toys that children told you what you want to buy only to find by the time you got there the toy isn't there, or you look at toy and it's for the wrong age what your child is. Most of us know what toy you want ahead of time. And most of us don't consider that a particular enjoyable experience. And then you get to bring them home and get them wrapped and bring them down to the post office to see them off to your families around the rest of the country. Think how this is going to change in term of your ability of all of a sudden you can order toys on line! And not only could you order them on lines through easy process, you could use products being developed by a number of people in this room in terms of video PC applications, the visualized products, see what aged people was for, get look at the ways we are not acceptable, even avers a couple of years ago. You could stop by the toy store, pick up them on the way home, or you get it where you want. Now we can argue if this it going to happen in just a period of one year one five years. My answer is yes, somewhere within that range. And companies who don't understand how they've got to make their toy stores more attractive, and convenient to shoppers we command in the place we experience and reason to go there if all we do is picking up some we already know we are going to acquire over time in a different way we have never thought of before. And it applies to big items as well. Car dealership, .How many people in this room like to go buy car? I mean isn't a fun! You know what car you want you know what color it is, you know what interior you want, and you spend the next four airs, having the sales person convince you, you don't want their car, you want the car that they have on the lot. Or you are high price going to for a very ling period of time. You are going to see the same movement. You've already seen companies like general motors begin to go on lines with their systems. As our technology by the devices represented in this room today, and connection, the application to the internet that it will get better, you'll be able to get almost all the information used to get from the dealership over the network. And dealership has to think how they are going to change in the future. Again you are going to argue what's going to happen in 3 years or 10years, but will all very rapidly this way. And their competitive advantage of dealerships is going to change, perhaps more to service and support. They've got to make that an enjoyable experience when you come to see the door, not something in this room will actually regret have to do. The point that I am making is that the advantages many of us consider our business to be a key stable advantage just five years can be disappeared because of this technology ad you more forward. Lots of companies talk and will we are really proud of this success we had Cisco in the fastest, most profitable computer company history. We talk about that in due to our focus in our customer, setting almost impossible stretch goals, learning how to be number one or number two but often people don't understand what perhaps the key reason, the break copartners. It was how we are our own technology, and network we have been able to applications. One of the top five to six factors that really allow this occur. We saved last year alone of an expense 2 billion dollars, two hundred and fifteen dollars. And just five applications. The number was actually larger than that. That's twelve and a half percent increase in productivity. last year alone, similar increase in prior years and I am going to be able to more even aggressive as you see what goes forward. The number was larger than that. Though if you will share that large number with customers. I am not sure how many of them would believe it and secondly if I want my board director this year the budget I want to improve and told him how much I am saving and I would like to improve the budget. What I'm really saying is the opportunity almost unless if you select the right applications. And this goes back to gain 5-10 application each industry very important for us. Interfacing the customer had the biggest payback. It is very expensive interface transitionally dawn it. And the majority way we use our sales support people are partners. Support people on the field are just answer in very basic questions about technology. The functionality of the product, when is the delivery day going to take place what about you next release day etc. And we realize if we auto-make that, not only would our fewer force be more effective, our partner's force be more effective, our partner's force be more effective as well as our supports which more getting 3000 cost amount of project to now cost amount to be more effective.

But more important thing I want to, to take them 3000 cost amount to 12000 cost amount in 1991-1992 would be all the head I had appeared for the whole company. I wouldn't have any engineers, and I wouldn't have any engineers, and I wouldn't have any sales people as is in other fields, in other word. Even of productivity increase I wouldn't have done it and my customers would suffered so instead we build up a system put on LAN to where didn't go from 3000 cost amount, it went from 3000, not to 12000, but 700000, and 2/3, over 2/3 of those on line by the system, without touching the human being, and the customers satisfaction on 5 point scale, the less couple amount is gone over 4.3 actually high than talking to human being. Say the works of Engineers, we took the thousands of engineers instead putting them in support. We put them in R & D. We build up product space to report. And you begin to get a lot, the next that I want to talk about is I think this is going to grow much faster than people realize, early this year. Even some of the best projection industry place the value that would converse at $5 billion this year. They missed, they place the 20 to as high as 300 billion by year 2000-2001, most of those could be offered a long way. Cisco alone that is owning around $3.2 billion in that commune. In 8.1996, we started an internal order of the world. 30% increase of productivity for us and 20% increase of productivity for our customers. It is going by almost 10% per month in terms of acceptance of the technology. Now, why this commerce will be primly business to business over the next couples of years was probably 85% plus in the business-to-business area. It will spread to business consumer. And business consumers what you read about a handful lot is business to business will determine the leaders and where the majority will own over the next several years. And it will be either Cisco or our competitors that by the year 2000-2001 there will be doing 15.20 or 25 billions themselves over the network. A shared us as an example begins to interface all the member will make the numbers of 20 million is very small. My own view is that the high numbers as much as fire-fold, one of the challenges is how you keep your culture.

As the environment changes, and if we only talking to each other, we are going to lose our culture. With the answer you can't train, you can talk to your employer as frequently as you want. You can have the internet to do that. If we thought we have now employees. It cost several million dollars and training is one area that world determinate whether or not we can stand the leadership of our industry when doing wide broadcast you can all the thing, the same time of training for nearly l0 and thousand dollar or how you communicate your employees how you do the training would much easier for the leaders in terms of the culture they want.It will allow you to share your culture with employees.

Now I got to work with our engineers in their working, and know they are still call the services some present that you know as a little bit heavier and as quite as much air from outside, so talk with engineer we but the point that are maker is till the day araila today, You are beginning to think about the virtual company, look quarter on San Francisco, these is their system business and for other things we did a point time we stop you and IAS. It was in 1992 there was engineering more products put back in supporting our customers better and broke away at faster and faster pace so this just unkind excepts we talking about the time is the way business is going to be done, and those companies know employees technologies and select the application throughout times would be once win and those who don't left behind, regards where you are in this global economy. Let's talk about how businesses is going to change, today I talked earlier if you talk any employs. I have to change the organization structure, but if you are imply employees and they don't have access the information that you needed make decisions, they can make their decisions, and yet the employees' ability to yet information their own company, how many it is easy to get assistant, large staff of five people to go to get forming and yet you impair people if you don't give them access information, they make no decisions. We ever get customers' ability to really get access to information quickly instead requiring a number of talk to our sales people, often when all they want to know was shift of product to tell me about the new product in terms of definition. You want to use is very expensive and valuable resources of your own and your apartment average voles. You really gone talk about how do you break down this very information as you impair your employees. As you give access to your customers most information in their work. As you truly become a vintners company, will you can tell my affecting for my suppliers for myself will be one virilers company to the organization as you look forward as to you partners as well. And the company knows how to do this again will become you leave. The textbook warden about virtues company at years ago will happen the next decade. And this will be the company that you should go forward. It isn't just large businesses that really change on this side. It will change what people consider to be advantages. If you look at U.S. as an examples, it projected that 25% of what they formal is small businesses will be connected to the Internet at now. And 15% of the medium size businesses will be connected to the Internet at now. For those small or medium size businesses interface to large companies their supply to other businesses until almost all will be connected by 2000 in my opinion. And about 2000, you will go to see the interface that consume the structure to take off, is each of to get the technology in to our home, lose the fear how to use it and be able to use for one application which were brought at home and for many other applications across the whole family you should know forward. I'd like to give you an example how a very small company with a very limited number of employees in one major really compete with largest players in their industry.

Now to tell you that all our customers are but what you really thought was a small company with a couple handfuls of employees. They learned to have low became of resources across the country, and appear to very large company in each location. Their competes who have large amount of resources each location. They can't low became at an effective way, could be at a tremens price disvanteye. They have to think what the be wish to I have the small company not blame. And that is one can work in three thongs the application in our company about example across all small and medium size businesses move forward. I want to switch the second third the way that work change the way me and play and the way that year never imageries our chief officer couple years ago his home switch the every one winch my home now to every room. Our whole family use that work the internet feel well. It was brought in to home for businesses reasons for meet the applications extess to the number of each evening access to critical counts key information, etc. But once was there will to the way never imagine, my soon who is 18 years old also coach sour far to 9 years old, he communicate the sour over the internet. He communicates the parents of this prides over the internet he was it to do school work my daughter when she applied collage uscel to look for information about each college, asp scores teacher and student ratio and boys and girls ratio witch took me understand what's important. But she used it now to communicate to all her friends all over the country as they went different college. My wife has learn and how to use in terms of interfacing to an interior decorate and fortune very expensive option. You want to figure out some way to screen certain information coming in your how that I got to yet have to work that more effectively and technology will be their. My father who was computer illeterator 2 years ago. 73 years old ever use the piece in his life can all the serve the internet more effectively then I can. I got to relationship. He is my best friend. We communicator all the time, but now you often tell me the phone call as you tell me computers doing, has made about my company and suggest how ought to run the company better with information. I hadn't even seen and points that I'm making the change every aspect of our life across all of the generation. At the same time, more and more the parents around the world are working, either the single parents are still working parents 60% of the children in the U.S. under 6 and yet 60% of the parents read the daycare canter is a poor. Think of how internet working could ever change, the compote. And strong employees how are the employees think about the daycare center, think of your look and your has the capability to go internet to look what your child is doing. Those is one daycare center did in outside New York city. They install cameras around daycare center search to see all the locations. The internet on the web side every 30 seconds the number of young people there mere over 200. This became so popular way of looking alarm the parent a piece of man looking at the children. At any point, there would be any question on the granelporents to be all to be looked after. But they double the business had to open the second daycare center. And the point that are making is this is going to change. The way business done, the way play and learning the ways. But now my revolutionary is next year COMDEX will consider of course be honor you do that. It will also allow to be more effective work because the thing we all worry about is our children and how they were doing. I wish I could figure out the way to use the similar technology to trace 18 or 20 years old and what they are doing. How we learn, how many people in this room know how to use the slide rule. Put on your resume when you look for another job? Now you don't, I was agreed with the shale rule I was recompleco the Electra but commit another technology come along. The way we are training our children in case of 12 and university around the world, it is not that generation was earner, we have to rapidly change, we have to use the network as the now to train them. We have to cash them how to use the network to do the research papers, how to do in the coop well of the money taken me a week to research. Most the universities in the U.S. around the word over next couple of years were tied internet to individual dorm rooms. Thus make paper on the internet. Be able to get the information in the library no longer be the library. On compose will be world wide web from out side of the house. And much the education for those of us will go a change job to gradually the day. 6-10 times in our career to continue the education would be done by distance learning for university would probably have many people. In the NBA class, if it will, the distame learning in virtues classroom will be naturally NBA schools themselves and we are talking about the U.S. about wiring schools. There were 64% schools in the internet connection. And we are being talking about how do we teach our young people how to use this technology. Let's get some in this area, we got to get the wire to each classroom, we got to teach the teachers how to use this technology more important how to teach outside. As you know going to get over. We would also get people there to support because the real cost of the products are departed on themselves is actually the support of the products, as we more forward. But we you begin to look at where the job is on the day you realize the education system is not preparing for students whether jobs or not . And how to take alone 19000 jobs openings, 19000 and the average high tech wages force the rest of the private sector is 73% higher in U.S. than the other private sector jobs are, and yet we can't feel the responds . And over 70% of the company's representatives in this room will tell you perhaps the most critical factor that limits the growth of their ability to get quality ----employees. And you might think it's only high-tech phenomena. That is not true. The exact same thing is true of manufacturing operation world-wide. If you use example of American manufacturing, the chairman of the National Association of Manufacturers the other day made a very blunt statement.

He basically said the finding qualified employees was the number one challenge facing American manufacturing not high tech. America manufacturing across the board. The same will be true in the other countries whether in Europe or in Japan. And he also followed up with the comment. The lesson learned is very simple: either we get to learn how to train our employees and prepared our employees better, or high technology and production will go to other economics around the world. It is a matter of survival. In short, we got to do a better job are. Our university system in this country want the best in the world. But our key through 12 is broken. His broken, when the 11th and 12th grader writing scores continue to decrease, the tipsy key scores have decreased since I graduated 30 years ago. The average 4th and 8th grader in this country, 40% of the 4th and 8th graders can't even achieve the leases level of skills in mathematics and testing from that side 29% of young people. That go to the college have to do remedial classes in universities. Now that's was in our country as far has preparing the students for the future. But if you haven't addressed anything else, think about how this internet haven't generation is going to change in terms of the world wide global economy where the jobs will more to wherever the work force is. Now we can agree that is gonna happen in fine years and in is years. The answer is it's not gonna take 100 or 200 years like the industrial revolution. And as you begin to look about the global economy. Companies are gonna move the employees because they have to either those states with the best education and the employee are or to those countries. And the us will not be competitive even though we might have the best productivity tools have because over time all the other companies around the world who are growing are about to love them.

So the countries, when we read, we spend 300 billion dollars a year by the way in education, third out of the top 41 industrial countries in terms of percentage GNP spent on education, and yet our student rank 17th science and 27th in math. We are going to impair our your people, or workers employees with tools. Americans have the basic skills to know what question to ask and how to interpret the results. We have to change this. Business has leaded the way. There is no special interest group that put pressure or business on this. Business has the say the way we are training our young people is unacceptable, is unacceptable for the future employees. But it's also our over 1 issue of our existing employees that their children are not getting good education. And we have to do three things: we have to push to get testing; we have to be able to compare, not only from state to state, but country to country. Secondly, we got to introduce competition in choice. And the choice has to occur to all our students, regardless of income level, not just for those who can afford it. And third you get the tell the results reward as you move forward. And business has to think about that in this room. Otherwise the business could move to other countries around the world from that in where the educated work force is. As the world move forward, and groups such as technology in network I think can if we are successful to play a key note in this area. But I encourage you to play yourselves. Now let me talk about one thing that Cisco is doing this kind of unique. When we talk about when we are in the classrooms. It isn't the cost of connection and isn't the cost of wires the buildings where your real expenses are. Your real expenses over time how to mention the systems and how do you train students in the case through 12th they aren't going to the voltage for the future. I'd like to assure shat we are doing is a number of classrooms around the United Sates.

    今天很荣幸到这里，有趣的是，有人会问：在两年前的COMDEX中，一个互联网络公司能说出有多少人能预见今天的情况吗？即使是我们公司也无法想像台式机或客户/服务器模型如何被连系起来工作的。两年前COMDEX展示会上的一些大公司也几乎忽视了Internet，然而几乎展示会上所有的公司三年后都会将它们的无论是高技术产品还是低技术产品互连起来，并且在它们的网络中几乎所有的高产量应用占有主导地位，简而言之，我们越来越接近了这些技术，并且我们也正在改变生活中的方方面面，我不认为这是说大话，因为我们实际正处于一场革命中，它正改变我们的工作、生活、娱乐、学习以及人们还没想到的其它方面。我打算进行一次关于“Internet”讨论，正如你所见，在你成长过程中，你会注意许多使你更好的东西，而且鼓励人们在适当的时间说出他们的想法以在任何时候说出我们认为对别人来说是成功的东西，但你所见的是“Internet”，我不想用术语来定义“Internet”，对我来说，“Internet”是一个大的网络，它不是协同的内部网，也不是外部网，而是整个正在发挥作用的网络，但它确实改变了我们的生活、工作，那些知道如何运用这些技术的将走在前面，并有可能决定其生存，它改变了我们的生活和工作，甚至我们的梦，我们也改变了学习方式，因为从学校毕业的学生将会从事6到10份工作，非常感谢COMDEX给我机会。
    我只想重点谈一些最基本的谈话，但我必须强调变化之快，如同工业革命一般，工业革命发生在英国，蔓延到西欧，然后到达美国，它使我们的工作和生活向好的方向改变，它决定什么样的经济将成为主导，它也决定了我们所需的技术，它所做的就是将机会连合起来，工厂的工人也联合起来，永远地改变了我们的生活，这是一场进行了好几百年的革命，吸引人们从一个城市搬到另一个，公司也根据它们运用这项技术的能力从一个城市迁到另一个，我不认为Internet革命有什么不同，它改变了我们的生活方式的方方面面，但Internet进入了我们所说的“dog-years”或“Internet-years”——日历上的一年实际是7年，Internet的发展速度为普通事业的七倍，只需看着两年前，现在也将是Internet时代，我们都是其中一部分，孩子们可能比在座的都更了解Internet。当我和我们的顾客谈话时，他们会说：“John，面对强大的Internet你会吃惊的。”我和即将成为顾客的聊天，许多人认为我知道答案，18-30岁的人说，“是，我期待着。”有多余时间的人学习如何使用Internet来买卖股票，或和孩子交流，Internet时代也适用了公司，那些懂得如何使用这项技术的公司选择合适的应用软件将会在市场上具备竞争实力，并将是那些生存及成长的。它对于国家也适用，如同工业革命一样，决定那个国家最先进。使用Internet的国家增强产量不仅在事业上，而且在生活和娱乐上也更有效，使用“Internet”的国家和公司将决定它们的未来，比如，美国、欧洲和日本，几乎没有一家日本公司拥有互联网地址，今天，这几乎是不被接受的做法，在四年内，日本就拥有和欧洲、北美同等水平的“Internet”，它们知道了这项技术对它们的经济、未来的影响以及孩子的未来，因此Internet时代是人、公司和国家以一种难以置信的速度发展。有两个原因，一个是技术的第四代，每一代都极大地超过前一代。几十年来，这是一个主要的趋势，从小型机，到台式机到LAN中的客户/服务器应用，现在是网络时代，它的影响将大于前三代的总和，但导致这种结果的是事业，无论你在德国、法国、俄罗斯、美国、日本或中国都无所谓，所有的事业机构都面临相同的挑战，它们并没有真正理解超大公司的意义，你只看见用于控制的费用激增导致了工人的减少，但减少工人只有当你能得到信息和你知道你能做什么时才有效，只有这样公司才会前进，以Cisco为例每年的产量增长10%，因为它知道如何使用正确的应用，我不知道公司的主管们是否意识到在下一个十年中，Internet将可能决定他们的生存。两年前，如果我拜访一个大的经融公司的主管，我们聊得很融洽，前十分钟他们问了有关CIO和SMS，后四十分钟，他们讨论了关于给Cisco投资$20亿，或者如果我不想给他们钱，是否可以贷款，换言之，在行政上也不能忽视Internet，现在和整个管理层会晤是很平常的事，和上层人士的谈话关于下十年的主要工作时，谈到怎样用“Internet”进行银行业务、保险业务以及股票业务来向董事会和主管提出其重要性，以增加预算，并向顾客解释采用这项技术将对他们有利，事业的驱使使其发展越来越快，以美国为例，在前几代中，个人的消费主要花在诸如汽车等东西上，当PC机开始占领市场以来，以及其它台式机和客户/服务器设备，带来了消费的增长，现在网络几乎驱动这个增长，在美国43%的个人消费集中在高科技产业，美国的经济比其它国家发达的一个原因是我们知道如何运用高科技，并且不会令数学家们花很长时间来得到这个趋势将通向哪里，但其他国家正在追随这一趋势，否则它们将落后，当你看着网络时，如果我向你展示如何设计，只有工程师会感兴趣，因为它相当复杂，就我而言，网络就是我的办公室，我的国际事务所，我的销售部，我的供应商，我的雇员的能力，和我的合作者，并且供应商可以在家中获得信息。但是网络是相当复杂的，几乎你想从客户那里看到的和客户想从供应商那里看到的就是使网络对他们来说透明，隐藏其复杂性，如果你将其和简单的电话相比，你希望可以使用简单，但不要忘了电话在1876年发明，至今已有120年了，才达到今天这种水平，并且在每个国家都有公司来负责实现电话服务，并通过网络将你的家和事业连系起来，我们在网络中从同一起点出发，各种设备，高科技的和低科技的以及各种应用必须很紧密地连合在一起来满足用户对网络的要求以及扩大在座的各公司的机会，为了这样做，需要一种合作。从我们的角度看，不懂得如何合作的公司必将落后，当你考虑你所需的合作者是什么样时，这个合作者其实就是网络，但网络的一端是你所需的设备，不论是什么样的设备，一般都互连起来，你必须通过接口和网络交互，你可以知道网络在哪儿，但你并不关心，虽然你在和世界范围内的Internet合作，不论是在主干上、小型机上、PC机上或任何其他机器上，你都可以很快得到合作。并且你可以得到大量不同的服务。同时，顾客或系统集成员都有助于便网络加有效。因为我们正处于合作时代。以Cislo为例。我们正在于如何为这么多PC，小型计算机公司服务，和提供家庭服务。我们正在寻找哪个服务提供商将真得更快地捐动科技并将安排Internet政策。在这类市场中，我们真正允许低成本，并具备竞争力。我们还在寻找哪种系统集成更有助于前进。在座组合起来，这种合作有助于减少前进中工业的复杂性。我们行业中的提供商和公司懂得如何做、如何合作、如何安排。
    以上讲的大部分是Internet如何改变我们的工作。工厂甚至想像的方式。今天我所讲的，我认为一年后将实现。它几乎改变了生活工作的方方面面。我希望我能说现在在每一个行业上都有10或15个应用。但没有什么样的应用有最大的回报，应用最适合那个行业。可能有两个主要的例外，一是工业和政府的电子。
    二是培训，让我们主要看看将在在座的工人中应用的。首先谈制造业，其中网络正真实行的主要应用是生产和上市时间。谈论一个公司迅速上市总令人很激动。30年前汽车公司的领先地位可以在8年内达到这样。然后人们开始看如何使它在5年或13年下市。如果没有网络或网络设备，你就不能做到这样。你应该考虑如何把整个公司互连起来，以及你所有的在全世界的工程组，但如何集成才能一起工作。使它们可以得到信息，可以有最好的产品。最快的上市时间的公司是生存的公司而那些不能尽快上市。产品不好的则相反。在飞机业也如此，一个公司的产品如何使上市时间快，以及产品增长，将决定胜负。一个较大的航空公司最近将飞机分成部分，在全世界各地做每一个部分，引警、机翼等，将它们的供应商连合起来，通过图纸将飞机完全装起来。
    在许多制造业，产品和市场是人们注意并决定公司命运的两方面。有一天，在一本杂志的首先写了一段话令我很吃惊。它说不仅使股票经纪减少，而且将使用Internet来买股票。在投资业它将全面应用，这是人们说的一句有趣的话。机构该如何组织才能赚钱，它仅仅是一种应用，在保险业中，公司的各个领导必须知道网络中的成员可以为任务建模。该任务可能具备长期的或者短期的竞争实力和稳定的竞争实力。你将面对着客户生产，如何保持领先网络是最主要的因素决定公司的地位以及如何保护你的实力。如果得到客户，以及他们所需要的信息，你的要价、你可以直接进入系统。你可以让你的经济顾问评估，特别当客户越来越精通时，当你和保险公司，或银行领导谈话时，最重要的是他们仅仅谈论他们如何使自己的公司产量高，而不谈论传统竞争。当然他谈论未来的竞争，当我和CEO保险公司谈话时，他们没有提到其它的保险公司作为未来的竞争者。而是其它的保险研究所，这有助于人们了解使用网络来提供使保险经纪、金融经纪、股票经纪以及银行系统不仅做自己的应用，而且通过系统集成的网络应用。系统集成使你很便捷地为客户服务，当我和我的保险经纪谈话时，他/她并不总说：“John，你18岁车比以前开得更好？但在这儿谈的是你的股票。那天根据你的买股票图表买进的股票或者他/她将要投资的当股票下跌时，你谅应考虑你的家庭等。这是网络应用和人以及人工智能的结合来真正决定胜负。
    记我们谈一谈有关你、如何消费，让我们谈一谈公司用什么来做为市场的主要竞争力。你通常认为竞争实力是你有多少地方，有多大库存。当消费者来了，你直接给他们想要的产品的能力，或者你给他们建议。在最大的图书馆，可能有成百万的书，成万的雇员。几十亿的货品，但想想当有网络出现后将有什么变化。大公司的主要竞争者是小公司，即Andock Come.Andock Come有2500000本书。更戏剧化的是有一个较好的价钱。当有人突然拜访时，必须想到店里有什么，通过网络查询确切的库存清单在这时给我们带来很大好处，这有一个转变。必须再过3或5年才能实现。也可以通过网络卖产品，那么将涉及到如何处理分布式 换言之，也可以通过网络的帮助的竞争力，一个有时间上暂时的竞争力。
    其它的行业也有同样的  如玩具业、假日里，有多少人愿意在拥挤人群中购物。我到卖东西的地方，找到停车处，排队去买，孩子们想要的玩具，却在轮到你时，发现玩具并不在这儿，或并不适合您孩子的年龄。我们中大多数都事先知道想要什么玩具。更好地支持我们的客户，以更快的速度发展。

这是干事业的方式，那些公司知道雇员的技术并选择应用就会赢，否则就要落后，不论你处于全球经济的什么地位，让我们谈谈事业如何变，也许我说得早了点儿，我必须改变组织结构，但如果你不让雇员得到你所需的信息来做决策，他们就不能做决策，也就不能得到本公司的信息。让他们迅速得到信息，不用和销售人员咨询就可以告诉我有关新产品的信息。你和合作者想要的是最昂贵、最有价值的资源，你真正想谈的是当你减少雇员时，当你得到你的客户的信息时，当你真的成为虚拟公司，你如何得到这些信息，你怎样才能判断对供应商及自己的影响。

你所想往的是虚拟公司，你的父母也如此。几年前，教科书上所描述的“虚拟公司”将在今后10年中出现。这是你应该去的公司，它也不仅仅是改变了几大公司，它改变了人们对优点的定义。以U.S.为例，25%的小公司，即4000个公司都将在2000年和Internet互联。15%的中型公司2000年被和Internet互联。对于那些小的和中型公司与大型公司有接口，它们向其它公司提供服务，在2000年几乎所有都将互联，你将看到消费的接口被取代。我们将这种技术带回家，不再害怕如何使用它，并能够使用被带回家的应用和其它应用。例如，一个小公司拥有有限的一些雇员，但大多数不认为这种经历不好。当你把它们带回家，并包装，再送到邮局寄给家人，如果你可以在线地订购玩具将带来多大的变化。不仅你可以在线地订购玩具，还可以通过视频应用来使用由网上的一群人生产的产品。你可以在玩具店门口停下，挑选玩具带回家，或者你可以在任何你想要玩具的地方订购它。现在你会认为这种情况即将实现，我的回答是肯定的。不懂得如何使玩具店更吸引人，更方便的公司，我们去那儿公主仅是为了挑选，我们以前总是需要时间，现在我们可以用一种以前从没想到过的方式，而且它也有许多种类。汽车业，在座各位有多少人愿意去买车？一点也不好玩。你知道你想要什么车、什么颜色，你知道汽车内部的情况，你花了许多时间，除非销售员使你觉得你不想买他们的车，否则你会花很多钱。你将可以在线地购买汽车。今天在这里展示的我们的技术，互联应用将越来越完善，你可以通过网络而不是贸易商而得到更多信息。因此商人们也有考虑今后他们该如何变化，你会问3年或10年后会发生什么，发展速度应该会更快。商人的竞争力也将改变，更多地服务和支持，从而使你再光临时有一个享受的经历。

我们一般认为竞争力是稳定的，但当你前进时，这种技术的优点将在5年内消失。

我们很为这个成功骄傲，我们使Cisco成为计算机历史上发展最快、最赢利的公司，由于我们注重客户，设定了几乎是不可能实现的目标，懂得如何去争当第一或第二，但人们常不明白什么是突破的最主要的原因，现在我们使用我们自己的技术、网络。

我们去年一年节约了20亿美元，仅仅5个应用，就节约了21500万，实际数目要大得多，产量增长12.5%。去年一年和前年增长相似，我认为会更有竞争力。如同你所见，虽然你将和大量用户分享这些。我不确定有多少人相信，如果我去见我的主管，关于提高预算，告诉他我节省了多少，我所说的是只要你选择了合适的应用就可以得到机会。提高预算意味着再得到5-10个应用，整个行业对我们来说都很重要，客户界面有着巨大的回报。这是一个昂贵的、传统的用户界面，我们使用我们的产品的最主要方面是为大家服务，这仅仅回答了一个最基本的关于技术的问题，产品的功能等等。我们意识到我们一旦达到这个目标，不仅用较少的工人就能有较有效的工作，在我们的支持下，我们的合作者也更加有效。

最重要的事是我希望在1991-1992使3000元的成本达到12000元成本能是我向全公司证明的。我不用工程师，不用销售人员，换言之，产量的增加带来的是客户的不快，因此我们在LAN上建立了一个系统，它从3000元的成本达到70000元而不是12000元，其中2/3花费在网上，与人无关。客户的最低满意度是4.3，比直接与人交流要高，就工程师而言，成千个工程师并不做技术支持，而是研究与开发，我还想说的就是我认为这项技术将越来越快。今年初即使一些最好的行业也投资了$50亿。2000-2001，它们留20到300万这些可以提供相当长时间，Cisco本身投资$32亿。1996年8月，我们开始了世界范围的内部定购，产量提高30%，而我们的客户提高20%。自从接受该技术以来，每日增长10%，为何这种贸易在未来的几十年中主要是事业对事业，有80%强，这将延伸到消费者，事业消费你所需的，事业对事业将决定领导人和在未来的几年里将主要发生什么，2000-2001年或者是Cisco或者是我们的对手营利，如通过外部内提供供应商接口，我们正谈论二千万是很少的，我的观点是数字多大，如翻5番，一个挑战是我们如何保持我们的文化。

随着环境的变化，如果我们仅互相接触，我们将失去我们的文化，由于不能培训，你可以经常和雇主交流，现在你可以让Internet来做，如果我们有1100雇员，我们必须送许多人去接受训练，这将花费许多钱，而培训是决定我们是否领先的重要方面，通过广播，你可以在培训的同时干其它事，你如何和你的雇主交流，你如何使培训对于上层人物更加简单。这样可以和雇员一起分享你的文化。

现在我去和我的工程师一起工作，知道他们依旧需要培训。和工程师谈话，但这一点今天依旧可以得到，你开始考虑虚拟公司，去和他们行业中最大的公司竞争。

所有我们的客户是，但你所想的是一个小公司，拥有有限的几个雇员他们知道如何保持低平衡，因此是一个大缺陷，他们必须知道我所有的而小公司没有的，以我们公司的应用为例，所有小公司和中等公司前进时，我想转变工作方式，以及我们生活和娱乐的方式，使用一种我们从未想像过的方式，我们全家使用Internet，它被带入家庭为了事业，得到关键的信息等，这是一种以前从未想到过的方式，我的儿子，18岁，通过Internet做一群9岁的足球迷的教练，并通过Internet交流足球信息，通过Internet和父母交流，他也用它作学校作业，我的女儿，当她申请大学时，使用Internet来查询各大学的信息，如asp 成绩，教师和学生的比例，以及诸如男生和女生的比例，但现在她使用Internet和全国各处的朋友交流因为他们上了不同的大学，我的妻子学会了使用Internet界面，来查询一些室内装潢的信息，非常贵的选择，你可以想像某种信息进入你的家，我必须加倍工作来满足这种技术，我的父亲2年前，是一个“计算机盲”，73岁了，但仍利用其余生使用Internet。我利用Internet与朋友保持连系，我们一直有来往，但现在他常打电话告诉我有关竞争者的信息，用我早已知道的信息建议我如何使公司经营的更好，总之我正在通过Internet来改变我们的生活的方方面面，同时，世界上的父母都是上班族，单亲也是上班族65%的6岁以下的美国孩子，并且60%的父母喜爱“托儿所”，他们安装了照像机在各个角落，可以拍到各个地方，在Internet的浏览器中每30分钟出现一次。可以有200多个小孩，“托儿所”很受欢迎，使父母们知道有“人”在照顾孩子，还有一些？？是有关祖父母的，需要再升一间“托儿所”，这些做法使事业的方式有所改变以及娱乐和学习方式，但现在我所说的革命将是下一届COMDEX所要考虑的，它将使工作更有效，因为我们所担心的事是我们的孩子和他们在做什么，我希望我能想出使用相似的技术来跟踪18或20岁的人以及他们在做什么，在座有多少人知道如何使用“shde rale”，难道是将自己的个性放在你我工作时的个人简介中吗？当然不，我同意使用shde rale
我们的教育方式也必须改变，我们要使用网络来训练他们，我们必须教他们如何使用网络来做研究报告，美国的许多大学以及世界上的大部分大学在未来的2年中将在学生宿舍中连上Internet，这样在Internet上可以做论文，可以从图书馆中得到信息，这不再是校园图书馆，而是浏览器上的，教育也将改变工作方式，在工作中可以通过远程学习来继续教育，在NBA中，在一上虚拟教室中的远程学习将成为自然的NBA学校，我们正在谈论美国的学校，有64%学校已经和Internet互连，我们正在谈论如何教育我们的孩子如何使用这项技术，我们可以在每间教室连网，我们需要教老师如何使用“Internet”，这比在外面上课要重要，如你所知。

我们也能得到当地人们的支持。因为产品的真正价值是产品的最好证明。但是，你我也逐渐关注现代社会工作岗位。你意识到教育系统不为在职的学生服务，如何使190000个工作空着，有美国高科技的平均工资高于其它私人工作的73%。此房间中70%以上的公司代理会告诉你：限制能力增长最重要的因素可能是雇员质量。你也许认为这仅是高科技产业的现象。其实不然。对于全世界制造业也如此。你可以看一个美国制造业的例子。前几天，国家制造业协会主席，非常坦诚地说，目前美国制造业最大的挑战是员工的质量而非高科技。对跨国制造业亦如此。其它国家，不论欧洲或日本，都面临同样的问题。

而后这位主席总结道：教训很简单：我们或者学会怎样培训我们的员工使他们更好，或者让高科技、高生产率和产品流入世界其它国家。这是生死存亡的问题。一句话，我们必须在所需工作岗位之处更好地培养能胜任的学生。我们国家的系统是世界上最好的。但如果第11和第12的名次继续下滑，那么由于我毕业于30年前，分数也已下降。40%的第4位和第8位甚至没能达到数学的基本水平。90个学院不得不对29%的年轻人开设重修课。这就是为什么在我国设有尽可能地培养适应未来。但是如果不强调其它东西，从全球经济形势，考虑这代因特网的变化趋势，工作将转移到工作压力之处。我们都认可这是未来5年或25的发展趋势。答案是这种变化不会象工业革命那样花费100年或200年的时间。当你开始关注全球经济形势时，你发展公司有了更多的雇员。因为他们不得不惦量。

所以我们花费了3000亿元一年在教育上，在最发达的41个工业国家中以花费在教育上的GNP的百分率来排列我们处于第三位而我们的学生在科学排名第17，在数学上排27，我们打算减少人口工人或雇员，美国有基本的技能来知道该问什么所以及如何解释结果，我们必须改变这种情况，没有特定的兴趣小组而事业施加压力，事业说我们教育孩子的方法不可取，特别是为了培养未来的雇员，但孩子得不到好的教育是现有雇员的第1号任务，我们必须做3件事：我们必须努力进行测验；我们必须能比较，不仅从一个州到一个州，而且从一个国家到一个国家，第二，我们必须有选择地引进竞争，并且由我们的学生来做选择，不论收入水平，也不仅仅为那些能负担得起它的人，第三，你前进时，你应得到奖励，在本次展示会中各事业必须考虑这一切，否则，当世界前进时事业将可能移到别的国家，在那里受过教育的工作人员。网络上的技术组，如果我们成功地扮演了一个冰冷的角色，我们鼓励你扮演你自己。现在，让我谈论一件事，Cisco正在这样做，当我们在教室里谈论时，真正的开销不是互连的花销，不是网线的花销，而是维护系统的时间，你如何训练学生，他们以后不再上大学，我希望能确信我所做的是一些美国的教室。

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