2009年12月四级听力 Passage 原文
2009年12月四级听力 Passage 原文
Passage 1
Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else
besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful
dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw
evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be
even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa,
a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its
surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky
core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions
needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.
Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may
have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to
form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found
on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria,
primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming.
Questions26 to 28
26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?
27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?
28. What have scientists come to know recently about formation of life?
Passage 2
In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Myer treated a child who had
suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for
discharge, Doctor Myer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home.
Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came
to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what
advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, ”All of them had heard the
simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different
versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were
intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Myer her first clue to something every doctor
learns sooner or later- most people just don’t listen very well. Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and
even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they
are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Myer’s
listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are
faced with the challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed
word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.
Question 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard:
29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?
30. What did Doc. Myer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
31. What does the speaker say about human speech?
Passage 3
It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good
wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg argued
that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast,
include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility.
However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring,
repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do mangers
motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as
individuals, but as a part of a team. For example, some supermarkets can buy office stuff to people
who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the check out into a team, and let them decide
what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the
importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for
example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to
motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people.
Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition,
not all the competing companies in that industry can seriously plan to be the best.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q32: What can actually motivate workers according to Fredrick Herzberg?
Q33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
Q34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees?
Q35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
Passage 1
Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else
besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful
dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw
evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be
even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa,
a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its
surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky
core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions
needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.
Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may
have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to
form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found
on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria,
primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming.
Questions26 to 28
26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?
27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?
28. What have scientists come to know recently about formation of life?
Passage 2
In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Myer treated a child who had
suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for
discharge, Doctor Myer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home.
Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came
to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what
advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, ”All of them had heard the
simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different
versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were
intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Myer her first clue to something every doctor
learns sooner or later- most people just don’t listen very well. Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and
even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they
are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Myer’s
listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are
faced with the challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed
word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.
Question 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard:
29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?
30. What did Doc. Myer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
31. What does the speaker say about human speech?
Passage 3
It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good
wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg argued
that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast,
include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility.
However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring,
repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do mangers
motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as
individuals, but as a part of a team. For example, some supermarkets can buy office stuff to people
who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the check out into a team, and let them decide
what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the
importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for
example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to
motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people.
Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition,
not all the competing companies in that industry can seriously plan to be the best.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Q32: What can actually motivate workers according to Fredrick Herzberg?
Q33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
Q34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees?
Q35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
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