虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。
(一)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式:
条件状语从句 | 主句 | |
与现在事实相反 |
if + 主语 + 动词过去式 (be 动词一律用 were ) |
主语 + would ( 或 should ) + 动词原形 |
与过去事实相反 | if + 主语 + 动词过去完成式 |
主语 + would (或 should ) + have + 过去分词 |
与将来事实相反 |
A:谓语用动词过去式 B:谓语用 were to + 动词原形 C:谓语用 should + 动词原形 |
A:主语 + would (或 should ) + 动词原形 B:祈使句 |
注意:(1)、主句中的 should 通常用于第一人称, would 可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词 could, might.
(2)、“与将来事实相反”中的 B 式与 C 式之间的差别是“ were to + 动词原形”比“ should + 动词原形”所表示的
实现的可能性更小。
(3)、在与将来事实相反的句中,只有条件状语从句用 should 时主句才能用 B 式的祈使句。
1、表示与现在事实相反
If I were you , I should study English.
If he had time , he would attend the meeting.
2、表示与过去事实相反
If you had come yesterday , you would have met him.
3、表示与将来事实相反
If you came tomorrow , we would have the meeting.
If it were to\should rain tomorrow , the meeting would be put off.
If it should rain , don't expect me.(可接祈使句)
4、if 的省略
当从句中有 were ,had ,should ,would 等放在主语前可构成疑问句的词时,可省略 if ,用倒装形式。 例如:
Had she more money , she would dress fashionably.
Had you been here earlier , you would have seen him.
Should there be a meeting tomorrow , I would come.
Were I in school again , I would work harder.
附件列表
词条内容仅供参考,如果您需要解决具体问题
(尤其在法律、医学等领域),建议您咨询相关领域专业人士。
如果您认为本词条还有待完善,请 编辑
上一篇 求职之英文自我介绍 下一篇 词条题目超出边界,与其他内容重合怎么办?