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虚拟语气用于条件状语从句

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。

(一)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句

虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式:

   条件状语从句 主句 
 与现在事实相反

if + 主语 + 动词过去式

(be 动词一律用 were ) 

 主语 + would ( 或 should )

+ 动词原形

 与过去事实相反 if + 主语 + 动词过去完成式 

 主语 + would (或 should )

+ have + 过去分词

 与将来事实相反

A:谓语用动词过去式

B:谓语用 were to + 动词原形

C:谓语用 should + 动词原形  

 A:主语 + would (或 should )

+ 动词原形

B:祈使句

注意:(1)、主句中的 should 通常用于第一人称, would 可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词 could, might.

      (2)、“与将来事实相反”中的 B 式与 C 式之间的差别是“ were to + 动词原形”比“ should + 动词原形”所表示的

         实现的可能性更小。

      (3)、在与将来事实相反的句中,只有条件状语从句用 should 时主句才能用 B 式的祈使句。

1、表示与现在事实相反

If I were you , I should study English.

If he had time , he would attend the meeting.

2、表示与过去事实相反

If you had come yesterday , you would have met him.

3、表示与将来事实相反

If you came tomorrow , we would have the meeting.

If it were to\should rain tomorrow , the meeting would be put off.

If it should rain , don't expect me.(可接祈使句)

4、if 的省略

当从句中有 were ,had ,should ,would 等放在主语前可构成疑问句的词时,可省略 if ,用倒装形式。 例如:

Had she more money , she would dress fashionably.

Had you been here earlier , you would have seen him.

Should there be a meeting tomorrow , I would come.

Were I in school again , I would work harder.

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