派生

1） 构成名词的后缀很多，常见的有下面这些：
后缀                                         例词
-ability                        stability   availability   advisability
-age                            shortage    marriage       leakage
-al                             denial      betrayal       dismissal
-an                             American    Asian          African
-ance                           attendance  guidance       performance
-ant                            applicant   consult        participant
-ary                            dictionary  missionary     boundary
-ate                            doctorate   consulate      directorate
-ation                          examination education      decoration
-cy                             accuracy    efficiency     privacy
-dom                            freedom     kingdom        wisdom
-ee                             employee    absentee       refugee
-eer                            engineer    mountaineer    auctioneer
-ence                           difference  existence      preference
-er                             driver      writer         reporter
-ery                            bribery     mockery        machinery
-ese                            Chinese     Portuguese     Vietnamese
-ess                            actress     princess       goddess
-ful                            handful     spoonful       bagful
-hood                           childhood   neighborhood   motherhood
-ian                            magician    musician       historian
-ibility                        possibility visibility     responsibility
-ing                            feeling     shopping       reading
-ion                            action      decision       collection
-ism                            Marxism     socialism      pessimism
-ist                            capitalist  communist      racist
-ity                            prosperity  equality       formality
-let                            piglet      booklet        starlet
-man                            fireman     policeman      chairman
-ment                           arrangement government     development
-ness                           happiness   sadness        weakness
-or                             actor       sailor         director
-ry                            jewelry      slavery        bribery
-ship                          friendship   leadership     ownership
-ty                            loyalty      safety         cruelty
-ure                           failure      departure      pleasure
-ware                          software     glassware      silverware
-work                          housework    schoolwork     needlework
-y                             modesty      difficulty     discovery
2）还有一些次要的构成名词的后缀：
后缀                                        例词
-aholic, -oholic              bookaholic    workaholic      chocoholic
-archy                        anarchy       monarchy        hierarchy
-arian                        librarian     vegetarian      humanitarian
-cide                         suicide       homicide        genocide
-craft                        aircraft      hovercraft      spacecraft
-ette                         cigarette     usherette       kitchenette
-folk                         menfolk       countryfolk     townsfolk
-gram                         diagram       telegram        kilogram
-graph                        autograph     paragraph       photograph
-hand                         farmhand      factory-hand    garage-hand
-head                         spearhead     bridgehead      letterhead
-ial                          denial        burial          memorial
-itis                         arthritis     hepatitis       appendicitis
-logue                        dialogue      monologue       catalogue
-mania                        egomania      kleptomania     megalomania
-mate                         schoolmate    roommate        playmate
-meter                        barometer     speedometer     thermometer
-metre                        centimetre    kilometre       millimetre
-monger                       fishmonger    warmonger       rumourmonger
-ocracy                       autocracy     democracy       bureaucracy
-ocrat                        aristocrat    bureaucrat      democrat
-ology                        biology       psychology      ecology
-phone                        earphone      saxophone       telephone
-scape                        landscape     moonscape       riverscape

1） 构成形容词的后缀也很多，常见的有下面这些：
后缀                                       例词
-able             valuable     lovable      miserable     comfortable
-al               cultural     national     logical       original
-an               American     Cuban        African       Korean
-ant              important    pleasant     ignorant      tolerant
-ary              momentary    imaginary    honorary      legendary
-ate              fortunate    affectionate passionate    collegiate
-ed               excited      amazed       bearded       indebted
-en               woolen       golden       wooden        earthen
-ent              different    dependent    existent      consistent
-ese              Chinese      Japanese     Burmese       Portuguese
-ful              beautiful    hopeful      cheerful      useful
-ian              Canadian     Belgian      Jordanian     Palestinian
-ible             permissible  contemptible negligible    collapsible
-ic               realistic    poetic       historic      economic
-ical             classical    geographical theatrical    economical
-ing              amusing      convincing   misleading    neighboring
-ish              Irish        childish     selfish       foolish
-ive              active       effective    attractive    expensive
-less             endless      homeless     useless       harmless
-like             childlike    warlike      dreamlike     lifelike
-ly               friendly     orderly      costly        leisurely
-ous              courageous   furious      nervous       dangerous
-some             troublesome  lonesome     tiresome      quarrelsome
-wide             worldwide    nationwide   area-wide     company-wide
-worthy           trustworthy  praiseworthy noteworthy    respect-worthy
-y                rainy        windy        dirty         muddy
2）还有一些次要的构成形容词的后缀
后缀                                   例词
-based                  market-based     class-based      home-based
-bound                  duty-bound       westbound        London-bound
-consclous              self-conscious   class-conscious  safety-conscious
-fold                   twofold          eight-fold       tenfold
-free                   carefree         tax-free         pollution-free
-headed                 hot-headed       clear-headed     muddle-headed
-made                   hand-made        man-made         US-made
-minded                 open-minded      absent-minded    liberal-minded
-most                   innermost        topmost          foremost
-ological               biological       ecological       ideological
-poor                   nutrient-poor    oxygen-poor      resource-poor
-proof                  waterproof       soundproof       bullet-proof
-related                job-related      drug-related     race-related
-rich                   carbon-rich      fibre-rich       protein-rich
-side                   bedside          fireside         riverside
-sized                  apple-sized      fist-sized       postcard-sized
-stricken               panic-stricken   horror-stricken  poverty-stricken
-ular                   muscular         triangular       molecular

1） 构成副词的后缀：
后缀                                 例词
-ly                clearly      finally       gradually       suddenly
-down              headdown     belly-down    face-down       palm-down
-first             head-first   nose-first    feet-first      heel-first
-ward(s)           homewards    onward(s)     westward(s)     backward(s)
-wise              likewise     clockwise     length-wise     anticlockwise
2）构成动词的后缀：
后缀                                例词
-ate              activate      originate   motivate       hyphenate
-en               widen         sharpen     brighten       sweeten
-ify              simplify      purify      notify         justify
-ize              apologize     emphasize   criticize      modernize
3）构成数词的后缀：
后缀                                例词
-teen           thirteen       fourteen      fifteen      sixteen
-ty             twenty        thirty         forty        fifty
-th             fifth         twelfth        eighth       thirtieth

1） 可用来改变词类的前缀：
a- 加在名词前构成形容词或副词：
asleep      abroad       aside         ashore        ablaze
be-加在名词或形容词前构成动词：
befriend    bewitch      behead        belittle       bedim
em-加在名词等前构成动词：
embark      embed        embody        empower       embitter
en-加在名词前构成动词：
endanger   encourage     enrage        enforce       enslave
en-加在形容词前构成动词：
enrich     enlarge      ennoble        endear        enable
out-加在名词或形容词前构成动词：
outflank    outnumber   outpace        outwit       outsmart
2） 有些前缀可用来构成反义词：
de-           de-emphasize       decentralize       demilitarize       demobilize
（非…）      decolonize         depoliticize       dehydrate         declassify

dis-          dislike            disbelieve         distrust           disagree
(构成动词)    disapprove         disobey            displease          disappear

dis-          disbelief          discontent         disorder           dishonor
(构成名词)    discomfort         disobedience       disrespect         disadvantage

dis-          disloyal           dishonest          disinterested      disorderly
(构成形容词)  discourteous       disreputable       dissimilar         disproportionate

il-           illegal            illogical          illiterate         illegitimate

im-           impatient          impolite           impossible         immature

in-           incapable          informal           inadequate         independent
              inability          injustice          inadequacy         insecurity

ir-           irresolute         irresponsible      irresistible       irregular

mal-          malnutrition       maladjusted        maltreatment       maladministration

non-          non-essential      non-economic       non-profit         non-resident
              non-smoker         non-specialist     non-violent        non-competitive

un-           unable             uncertain          untidy             unsafe
（构成形容词）unconscious        unfortunate        unlucky            uncomfortable

un-           uncertainty        untidiness         unhappiness        unwillingness
(构成名词)    unacceptability    unfairness         unpleasantness     unbelievability

un-           unwillingly        unconsciously      unfairly           unfortunately
(构成副词)    uncertainly        unluckily          unofficially       untidily

un-           unexpected         unfinished         unprepared         unprecedented
(构成分词)    unchanging         unhesitating       uninviting         untrusting

3)一些表示特定意思的前缀
大部分前缀都表示特定意思，较常见的有：
前缀         意思                   例词
all-         纯，全是           all-wool              all-steel
                                all-female            all-new
             各个               all-age               all-season
                                all-purpose           all-weatheranti-      

             反，抗             anti-fascist          anti-racist
                                anti-war              anti-abortion
                                anti-aircraft         anti-cancer
                                anti-pollution        anti-inflation
                             
arch-        大的              archduke               archangel
                               archbishop             archdeacon
            头号的             arch-enemy             arch-rival
                               arch-villain           arch-traitor
auto-        自动的            automatic              auto-timer
                               auto-recorder          auto-reverse
            自己的             autobiography          autograph
                               autonomous             autonomy
            汽车的             automobile             auto-industry
                               auto work              auto sport
bi-         双，二             bilingual              bilateral
                               bigamy                 bifocals
bio-       生物的              biochemical            biological
                               biologist              biotechnology
centi-     百分之一的          centimeter             centigram
                               centiliter             centigrade
co-       共同（做某事）       co-author              co-chairman
                               co-pilot               co-founder
                               co-direct              co-operate
                               co-exist               co-edit
counter-    反                 counter-measure        counter-attack
                               counter-strike         counter-revolution
double-    双                  double-decker          double-barreled
          哄骗                 double-cross           double-dealing
                               double-talk           double-dealer
down-     往下                 downhill              downward(s)
          恶化                 downturn              downfall
ever-      一直，不断          ever-present          everlasting
          越来越               ever stronger         ever-bolder
ex-       以前的               ex-president          ex-husband
                               ex-lover              ex-wife
extra-    特别的，超           extra-bright          extra-strong
                               extra-large           extra-thin
         以外的                extra-curricular      extra-mural
                               extra-marital         extra-territorial
fore-    前部的                foredeck              forehead
                               foreleg               forearm
        预见的                 foresight             foretell
                               forecast              foresee
free-    自由的                free-flowing          free-moving
                               free-floating         free-running
full-    完全                  full-scale            full-speed
                               full-grown            full-strength
       全部，整个              full-time             full-year
                               full-size             full-page
half-   半                     half-asleep           half-finished
                               half-circle           half-pay
hand-   用手的                 hand-made             hand-operated
                               handwritten           hand-wash
       手提（推）的            handbag               handcart
                               handbaggage           handbook
hydro-  水力的                 hydro-power           hydro-electric
                               hydro-energy          hydrophobia
ill-     不好的                ill-health            ill-humor
                               ill-luck              ill-will
         不适宜的              ill-timed             ill-informed
                               ill-educated          ill-chosen
inter-   之间的                international         inter-city
                               inter-racial          intercontinental
         相互的                interchange           interact
                               interlink             interrelate
kilo-   千                     kilogram              kilowatt
                               kilometer             kilohertz
mal-   不良的                  maladjusted           malnourished
                               malfunction           malformed
man-   由人，人                man-made              man-devised
                               man-power             mankind
       对人                    man-killer            man-eating
                               manhunt               manslaughter
mid-   中间（指时间）          midday                mid-summer
       中部（指空间）          midair                mid-Europe
                               midocean              mid-Wales
milli-  千分之一               milligram             millimeter
                               milliliter            milliamp
mini-  小的，微型的            minicab               minibus
                               mini-computer         miniskirt
mis-   错误地                  misjudge              misuse
                               misunderstand         misprint
       错误的                  misconception         misinformation
                               mismanagement         misunderstanding
new-   新近                    newborn               newfound
                               new-wedded            new-baked
news-  新闻                    newscast              newsletter
                               newspaper             news-stand
over-  过分地                  overeat               over-reach
       过于                    over-anxious          over-eager
       过量的                  overdose              overcharge
       压倒                    overcome              overpower
       其他意思                oversee               overseas
post-   …之后的               post-election         post-medieval
       邮（政）的              postmark              postcard
                               post-box              postcode
pre-    …之前的               pre-war               pre-birth
                               pre-martial           pre-revolution
       预见，在前              prejudge              preview
                               predetermine          predecease
       预先的…的              pre-arranged          prepaid
                               pre-planned           prefabricated
pro-    亲…，支持…的         pro-government        pro-communist
                               pro-West              pro-abortion
re-     重新                   re-open               rewrite
                               remarry               rebuild
        再次                   reappear              reconsider
                               rediscover            review
self-  自我…的                self-educated         self-appointed
       自（我）的              self-defense          self-criticism
       自己…的                self-locking          self-cleaning
semi-  半…的                  semi-automatic        semi-naked
                               semi-official         semi-liquid
       半                      semi-circle           semi-annual
                               semi-conductor        semi-darkness
sub-   次…，下一级的          subcontinent          subcommittee
      下面的，潜               subway                subconscious
      不…够的                 subnormal             subfertile
super-  极…的                 super-clever          super-cheap
                               super-friendly        super-sensitive
       超级的                  superpower            supermarket
                               superstar             superman
       超…的                  supersonic            supernatural
                               supernormal           supernational
      其他意思                 superfluous           superstition
                               supervise             superstructure
tele-  远距离的                telephone             telescope
                               television            telecommunication
trans- 从…到                  transport             transfer
                               transplant            transmit
       穿越                    transAmerica          transatlantic
under- 不足的                  under-developed       under-financed
      下面的                   underground           underwear
                               underline             undersigned
      下一级的                 undergraduate         undersecretary
                               underlibrarian        undermanager
       其他意思                understand            undertake
                               undermine             underworld
uni-    单一的                 unilateral            unisex
                               unify                 unity
up-     在…上方的             upside                uphill
                               upriver               upstairs
        改进，更新             update                upgrade
                               uprate                upsurge
        打乱                   upset                 uproar
                               uproot                uprising
        其他意思               upright               uphold
                               upheaval              upbringing
 vice-   副的                  vice-chairman         vice-premier
                               vice-minister         vice-consul
well-   …得很好的             well-behaved          well-written
                               well-dressed          well-educated
       很…的                  well-known            well-deserved
                               well-loved            well-respected
       其他意思                well-read             well-informed
                               well-paid             well-received

还有一些用的较少的前缀，它们也有自己的意思，如：
前缀       意思                   例词
aero-      空中的        aeroplane      aerodynamic      aeronautics
agro-      农业的        agrology       agronomy         agrochemical
ante-      在…前的      anteroom       antechamber      antecedent
astro-     太空的        astronaut      astrology        astrophysics
audio-     听觉的        audiovisual    audio-tape       audio-cassette
cardi-     心脏的        cardiac        cardiologist     cardiogram
chron-     时间的        chronic        chronology       chronicle
contra-    反，防        contrary       contradiction    contraceptive
cross-     横跨          cross-country  cross-channel    cross-harbour
deci-      十进的        decimal        decimeter        deciliter
eco-       生态的        ecology        ecosystem        eco-technology
electro-   电的          electronic     electrocute      electrode
Euro-      欧洲的        Euro-bank      Euro-currency    Europarliament
fresh-     刚刚…的      fresh-baked    fresh-fried      fresh-made
geo-       与地有关的    geology        geography        geophysics
homo-      相同的        homogeneous    homo-sexual      homonym
hyper-     极为…的      hyperactive    hyper-modern     hyper-alert
mega-      兆，极大的    megahertz      megaton          megastar
micro-     微…的        microscope     microfilm        microcomputer
mock-      假装的        mock-fight     mock-modesty     mock-sadness
mono-      单一的        monologue      monosyllabic     monogamy
multi      多…的        multilateral   multinational    multi-purpose
neo-       新            neo-classical  neo-colonialism  neo-Nazism
neur(o)-   神经的        neurology      neurobiologist   neurosurgeon
once-      一度          once-famous    once-powerful    once-popular
pan-       泛…          pan-American   pan-Arab         pan-European
para-     副，准         paratyphoid    paramedic        paramilitary
          空降           parachute      paratrooper      paragliding
phon-     声音的         phonetics      phonology        phonograph
poly-     多…的         polysyllabic   polytechnic      polygamy
pseudo-   仿…，假       pseudo-metal   pseudo-friend    pseudonym
quad-     四…的         quadrangle     quadrilateral    quadruped
quasi-    近似…的       quasi-academic quasi-official   quasi-religious
socio-    社会           socio-economic socio-political  sociolinguistic
sur-      超过           surcharge      surplus          surpass
sym(n)-   相同的         sympathy       synonym          synchronize
tech-     技术           technical      technician       technique
therm-    热             thermotherapy  thermometer      thermoelectric
tri-      三             triangle       trilateral       trilogy
ultra-    极，外         ultra-secret   ultra-smart      ultraviolet
video-   图像的          videotape      videodisc        video-recorder