主语
主语是一个句子的主题(theme),是一个句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。如:
(1)A tree has fallen across the road.一株树倒下横在路上。
(2)Little streams feed big rivers.小河流入大江。
(3)You're not far wrong.你差不多对了。
(4)He told a joke but it fell flat.他说了一个笑话,但没有引人发笑。
(5)Three's enough.3个就够了。
(6)Four from seven leaves three.7减去4余3。
(7)The idle are forced to work.懒汉被迫劳动。
(8)Old and young marched side by side.老少并肩而行。
(9)Now is the time.现在是时候了。
(10)Carefully does it.小心就行。
(11)The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
(12)To find your way can be a problem.你要找到路可能有困难。
(13)It would be nice to see him again.如果再见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
(14)Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害。
(15)Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.看电影是乐事,制作影片则是苦事。
(16)The disabled are to receive more money.残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
(17)The deceased died of old age.死者死于年老。
(18)To Beijing is not very far.到北京不很远。
(19)From Yanan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.从延安到南泥湾骑马要走3个小时。
(20)Whenever you are ready will be fine.你不论什么时候准备好都行。
(21)Because Sally wants to leave doesn't mean that we have to.不能说因为萨利要走因而我们也得走。
(22)"How do you do?" is a greeting.“你好!”是一句问候语。
主语可由一个以上的名(代)词等构成,这种主语可唤作并列主语,如:
(23)He and I are old friends.我和他是老朋友。
(24)The Party and government show great concern for our welfare.党和政府非常关怀我们的生活。
并列主语中的第二个主语有时放在句末,表示添补,如:
(25)An old woman stood by and an old man.一位老妇站在一旁,还有一个老头儿。
英语常用无人称的名词作主语,如:
(26)A gun wondered him.有人用枪打伤了他。
(27)The happy news brought them all to my home.他们听到这好消息后就都来到我的家。
英语还常将表示时间、地点的词用作主语,如:
(28)Today is your last lesson in French.今天是你们最后一堂法文课。
(29)Tian An Men Square first saw the raising of the Red Flag with Five Stars on October 1st,1949.1949年10月1日天安门广场上升起了第一面五星红旗。
和汉语一样,英语的主语有时用得不合逻辑,如:
(30)The kettle is boiling.水壶开了。
(31)My tent sleeps four people.我的帐篷可睡4个人。
有时为了强调或补充,在口语中,说话人往往用名(代)词重复主语,如:
(32)He is a nice man, your friend Johnson.你的朋友约翰逊,他是个好人。
(33)The poison it has worked.那毒药,它起作用了。
(34)To see you after such a long time, that was good.过了这么久又见到你,这太好了。
有时重复主语的名(代)词可带有be, have 或助动词,如:
(35)It went too far, your game did.太过分了,你耍的花招太过分了。
(36)He was happy, he was.他真快乐,真快乐。(he was 亦可单独成句,变为He was)
【注】注意在Lion hunter, snake handler, midwife and cook-he has been all those and more(猎狮人、耍蛇人、接生者和厨师,这些以及其他职业,他都干过)这一句中的前4个名词不是主语而是外位成分。
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