序数词
1) 序数词(Numerals)是表示数目顺序的,和最基础的基数词相对应的序数词如下:
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
1 first 11 eleventh
2 second 12 twelfth 20 twentieth
3 third 13 thirteenth 30 thirtieth
4 fourth 14 fourteenth 40 fortieth
5 fifth 15 fifteenth 50 fiftieth
6 sixth 16 sixteenth 60 sixtieth
7 seventh 17 seventeenth 70 seventieth
8 eighth 18 eighteenth 80 eightieth
9 ninth 19 nineteenth 90 ninetieth
10 tenth
a. 除“第一”、“第二”、“第三”之外,其他序数词都以在基数词后加词尾th构成,其中有些词在拼法上有少许变化,如:
fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth等
b. 两位数的词,只需把个位数变为序数词:
第二十二 twenty-second 第三十一 thirty-first
第七十八 seventy-eighth 第九十三 ninety-third
c. 三位以上的词,只把最后的两位数变为序数词:
第一百五十 one hundred and fiftieth
第九百九十九 nine hundred and ninety-ninth
此外,first,second等词常缩写为1st,2nd,3rd,20th,21st等。
1) 序数词在句中可用作:
a. 定语(多和the或物主代词一道用):
We live on the fifth floor. 我们住五楼。
Is this your first visit to Beijing? 这是你第一次访问北京吗?
Tom is their second son. 汤姆是他们的二儿子。
We gave a party to celebrate her twentieth birthday. 我们举行晚会来庆祝她二十岁的生日。
b. 表语:
They were the first to taste hardships. 他们吃苦在前。
You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二个犯这种错误的人。
Who was the third? 谁是第三名?
c. 主语:
First went to the American team. 美国队获得第一名。
The first (one) was no good, the second was even worse. 第一个不行,第二个更糟。
The third of the month was a holiday. 这月三号是个休假日。
d. 宾语或介词宾语:
I was among the first to learn of this. 我是一批知道这件事的人。
She is arriving on the second of June. 她将于六月二日到达。
She got a third in biology. 她生物学得了一个丙级分(不及格分)。
2) 序数词的一些其他用法:
a. 序数词还可和a连用,表示“再一个”、“又一次”等:
She could not go through that a second time. 她不能再次经受那种事。
He’s getting married a third time. 他将第三次结婚。
A second swan flew down. Then a third and a fourth. 又一只天鹅飞了下来,接着是第三只,第四只。
b. 表示日期:
May 1st 五月一日 March 8th 三月八日 April 22nd 四月二十二日
c. 用在许多短语中:
I thought that performance third-rate. 我认为那场演出是三流的。
We got four first-places in the sports meet. 运动会我们得了四个第一名。
He went second-class on the train to New-York. 他坐二等车去纽约。
I bought a second-hand car. 我买了一辆二手车(旧车)。
3)用基数词表示顺序的办法:
在很多情况下可以用基数词表示顺序:
the first part——part one 第一部分
the fifth chapter——chapter five 第五章
the twenty-third section——section twenty-three 第二十三节
the three hundred and fifty-ninth brigade——brigade 359三五九旅
编号的东西,常避免用序数词,读法也简单化:
第705号房间 Room 705
第254页 Page 254
第二汽车厂 The No.2 Auto Plant
九号车厢 Carriage No.9
三号及四号卧铺 Berths 3 and 4
第103路公共汽车 Bus No.103
海湾道7895号 7895 Bay Road
4)下面数字的读法:
a. 电话号码的读法:
279——1304 two-seven-nine-one-three-oh-four
3321——0073 double three-two-one-double seven-three
007号分机 Extension 007
b. 年份读法:
2000 the year two thousand
2004 two thousand and four
1949 nineteen forty-nine
1803 eighteen oh three
1600 sixteen hundred
450 B.C. four fifty B.C.(公元前)
128 A.D. one twenty-eight A.D. (公元后)
c. 日期读法:
July 22nd July (the) twenty-second 或the twenty-second of July
Oct(ober) 1st October (the) first 或 the first of October
d. 时刻读法:
08:00 eight o’clock 或eight
09:15 nine fifteen 或 a quarter past nine(美:after nine)
02:30 two thirty 或 half past two(美:after two)
05:45 five forty-five 或 a quarter to six(美:of six)
07:00 (oh) seven hundred hours=7.00 a.m.
12:00 twelve hundred hours=midday/noon
14:15 fourteen fifteen=2.15.p.m.
23:05 twenty-three oh five=11.5 p.m.
24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight
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