GRE真题3

　The common belief of some linguists　that each language is a perfect vehicle　for the thoughts of the nation speaking　it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the　Manchester school of economics that　supply and demand will regulate　everything for the best. Just as　economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and　demand left actual wants unsatisfied,　so also many linguists are deaf to　those instances　in　which　the　very　nature　of　a　language　calls　forth　misunderstandings　in　everyday　conversation, and in which,　consequently, a word has to be modified　or defined in order to present the idea　intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John s, but his own. " No　language is perfect, and if we admit　this truth, we must also admit that it　is not unreasonable to investigate the　relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages.The primary purpose of the passage is to　analyze an interesting feature of the　English language　refute a belief held by some linguists　show that economic theory is relevant　to linguistic study　illustrate the confusion that can result　from the improper use of language　suggest a way in which languages can be　made more nearly perfect

答案：(B)

某些语言学家的一种普遍信念是，每种语言都是一个载体，可用来完美地表达操该种语言的民族的思想。在某种程度上，这一语言学思想与曼彻斯特经济学派所坚信的观点如出一辙，构成了一种绝然的对等理论。该经济学派认为，供求关系制约着一切并使一切趋势于最佳状态。正如这些经济家对供求规律所造成的使实际需求不得满足的诸般实例视而不见那样，同样地，许多语言学家对下述情形也可谓是充耳不闻。在此类情形中，语言的性质本身就有可能导致日常交谈中的种种误解，因此在这种情况下，一个词语必须经过修饰或界定之后，才有可能表达说话者所意欲表述的那层涵义：“他拿了他的拐杖——不，不是约翰的，而是他自己的。”没有任何语言是尽善尽美的，假如我们承认这一真理，我们同样也必须承认，对不同语言的相对优劣，或对不同语言中的不同细节进行分析，这并非不合情理。

The misunderstanding presented by the　author in lines 19-20 is similar to　which of the following?

I.X uses the word "you" to refer to　a group, but Y thinks that X is　referring to one person only.

II. X mistakenly uses the word　"anomaly" to refer to a typical　example, but Y　knows that　"anomaly" means "exception."

III. X uses the word "bachelor

" to　mean "unmarried man," but Y　mistakenly thinks that bachelor　means "unmarried woman."

I only
II only
III only
I and II only
II and III only

答案：(A)

In presenting the argument, the author　does all of the following EXCEPT

give an example
draw a conclusion
make a generalization
make a comparison
present a paradox

答案：(E)

Which of the following contributes to　the misunderstanding described by the　author in lines 19-20 ?

It is unclear whom the speaker of　the sentence is addressing.

It is unclear to whom the word "his"　refers the first time it is used.

It is unclear to whom the word "his"　refers the second time it is used.

The meaning of "took" is ambiguous.

It is unclear to whom "He" refers.

答案：(B)

FALLACY:
personal philosophy
imaginative idea
unconfirmed theory
tentative opinion
valid argument

答案：(E)
谬误n.　
A.个人哲学
B. 富有想象的观点
C. 未被证实的观点
D. 尝试性的观点
E. 有效的论证
DIVULGE:
keep secret
evaluate by oneself
refine
restore
copy

答案：(A)
泄露v.　
A.保守秘密
B. 自己评价
C. 提炼（使文雅）
D. 恢复
E. 拷贝，复制

BOYCOTT:
extort
underwrite
underbid
stipulate
patronize

答案：(E)
抵制v.　
A.勒索
B. 承保，包销
C. 出价低于别人
D. 约定，规定
E. 惠顾（赞助）

ADULTERATION:
consternation
purification
normalization
approximation
rejuvenation

答案：(B)
掺假n.　
A.惊骇
B. 纯化
C. 标准化
D. 大约，近似
E. 返老还童

DEPOSITION:
process of congealing
process of distilling
process of eroding
process of evolving
process of condensing

答案：(C)

沉积（发誓作证，罢黜）n.　
A.凝结的过程
B. 蒸馏的过程
C. 侵蚀的过程
D. 进化的过程
E. 浓缩的过程

ENERVATE:
recuperate
resurrect
renovate
gather
strengthen

答案：(E)
削弱v.　
A.病中恢复
B. 复活（复兴）
C. 翻新
D. 收集
E. 加强
LOQUACIOUS:
tranquil.
skeptical
morose
taciturn
witty

答案：(D)
唠叨的adj.　
A.平静的
B. 怀疑的
C. 忧虑的
D. 沉默寡言的
E. 机智的（诙谐的）

REPINE:
intensify
excuse
express joy
feel sure
rush forward

答案：(C)
抱怨v.　
A.激化
B. 辩解，借口
C. 表达高兴
D. 感觉确定
E. 向前冲

VENERATION:
derision
blame
avoidance
ostracism
defiance

答案：(A)
尊敬n.　
A.嘲笑
B. 谴责
C. 避免
D. 放逐
E. 违抗，藐视
INVETERATE:
casual
public
satisfactory
trustworthy
sophisticated

答案：(A)
积习很深的adj.　
A.偶然的
B. 公开的
C. 令人满意的
D. 值得信任的
E. 世故的（精密的）
UNDERMINE:
submerge
supersede
overhaul
undergird
intersperse
答案：(D)
削弱v.　
A.浸入，淹没
B. 替代
C. 大修（彻底检查）
D. 支持，加强
E. 点缀

In a game, exactly six inverted cups stand side by side in a straight line,and each has exactly one ball hidden under it. The cups are numbered　consecutively 1 through 6. Each of the balls is painted a single solid color.　The colors of the balls are green, magenta, orange, purple, red, and yellow.　The balls have been hidden under the cups in a manner that conforms to the　following conditions:　 

The purple ball must be hidden under a lower-numbered cup than the orange　ball.

The red ball must be hidden under a cup immediately adjacent to the cup under　which the magenta ball is hidden.

The green ball must be hidden under cup 5.

Which of the following could be the colors of the balls under the cups, in　order from 1 through 6 ?
Green, yellow, magenta, red, purple, orange
Magenta, green, purple, red, orange, yellow
Magenta, red, purple, yellow, green, orange
Orange, yellow, red, magenta, green, purple
Red, purple, magenta, yellow, green, orange

答案：(C)

If the magenta ball is under cup 4, the red ball must be under cup
1
2
3
5
6
答案：(C)
A ball of which of the following colors could be under cup 6 ?
Green
Magenta
Purple
Red
Yellow
答案：(E)
If the purple ball is under cup 4, the orange ball must be under cup
1
2
3
5
6
答案：(E)
Which of the following must be true?
The green ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the yellow ball.
The orange ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the green ball.
The purple ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the green ball.
The purple ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the red ball.
The red ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the yellow ball.
答案：(C)

If the orange ball is under cup 2, balls of which of the following colors　could be under cups immediately adjacent to each other?
Green and magenta
Green and purple
Orange and yellow
Purple and red
Red and yellow

答案：(A)