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GRE真题八

There will be seven performers in a talent show: a guitarist, a hypnotist, a juggler, a magician, a pianist, a singer, and a ventriloquist. Exactly three of the performers—the guitarist, the pianist, and the singer—will each require a recorded musical accompaniment. The schedule for the show has seven consecutive time slots. Each of the seven performers will appear in exactly one time slot, and each time slot will have exactly one performer appearing in it. The schedule must follow the rules below: 

The juggler must appear first.
The ventriloquist cannot appear immediately after the magician.
At most two performers requiring a recorded musical accompaniment can appear in succession.
Which of the following is an acceptable schedule for the last four performers in the show?
Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh
Juggler Hypnotist Guitarist Pianist
Guitarist Magician Ventriloquist Singer
Magician Pianist Singer Guitarist
Singer Guitarist Pianist Hypnotist
Ventriloquist Hypnotist Magician Singer
答案:(E)

这是一道非常简单的排列题,但是分析题在于你会不会做,而在于你花了几分钟把它做完,在于速度。我们通过讲解几道题来体会一下如何迅速定位答案。

读题:7个表演者g,h,j,m,p,s,v参加表演,其中3个g,p,s有音乐伴奏。有7个位置,一人一个。
写条件:
1、j=1 (表示j在第一个位置)
2、~mv (表示v不能出现在m的后面)
3、~(gps) (表示需要音乐伴奏的3人中最多只有2人连续)
条件总结:

**注意g.p.s为等价元素(当然,如果在问题中又出现新的限制条件后,就不一定是)

If the ventriloquist appears third, the singer appears fifth, and the pianist appears sixth, which of the following must be true?
The guitarist appears second.
The guitarist appears fourth.
The hypnotist appears second.
The magician appears fourth.
The magician appears seventh.
答案:(A)

If the singer appears third and the pianist appears fourth, the guitarist must appear either first or second
second or fifth
second or seventh
fifth or sixth
sixth or seventh

答案:(E)

If the ventriloquist appears fifth and the hypnotist appears sixth, which of the following must be true?
The guitarist appears either third or seventh.
The magician appears either second or third.
The pianist appears either second or fourth,
The singer appears either second or seventh.
The singer appears either third or fourth.
答案:(B)

如果v=5,h=6,下面哪一个一定正确?
解题步骤:
1、v=5,条件2:~mv,∴m≠4,
2、扫一下选项,选项中都是元素在哪些位置,还剩4个元素,m,g,p,s, g,p,s为等价元素,所以g,p,s的位置只可能为 can be true, 不可能must be true?因此涉及gp,s的都不正确。只有B正确。当然也可用常规方法做,得到m≠4后,还剩4个元素,m,g,p,s, 还有一个条件没有用,~(gps),因此g,p,s不可能占据2,3,4三个连续位置,必有一个在7,m就必须在2/3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
j v h
If the hypnotist appears sixth and the magician appears seventh, who of the following must be true?
The ventriloquist appears third or fourth.
The singer appears fourth or fifth.
The juggler immediately precedes the pianist.
The pianist immediately precedes the guitarist.
The singer immediately precedes the hypnotist.
答案:(A)

如果h=6,m=7,下面哪一个一定正确?
解题步骤:
1、选项中涉及都是具体位置信息,g,p,s为等价元素,只剩下元素v,答案马上定位到A
2、常规方法,4个元素g,p,s,v, 一个条件~(gps),所剩位置是2,3,4,5,为使它们不能连续,v绝对不能放在两头2/5,v只能放中间3/4。

What is the total number of different time slots into any one of which the singer can be scheduled?
3
4
5
6
7
答案:(D)

If all of the performers requiring musical accompaniment appear before the magician, who appears sixth, each of the following could be true EXCEPT that the
guitarist appears fifth
hypnotist appears fourth
pianist appears second
singer appears fourth
ventriloquist appears third

答案:(B)
如果所有有音乐伴奏的表演者出现在m之前,m=6,下面哪一个可能正确 EXCEPT
解题步骤:
1、问题用的语气是 can be true EXCEPT, 其实还是一种
must be true的问法。选了它就一定违反原文中的条件或题目中加的新条件。
2、m=6,条件2:~mv,所以v在m前面,v<6题中附加条件有g,p,s在m前面,而m前面一共还有2,3,4,5 共4个位置,放gpsv 四个元素,剩下一个元素h=7,故选(B)
3、本题还可以稍加变化,把v=2/5作为答案,这就等于又考了一下第5题。g,p,s,v在(2,3,4,5), v不能放两头。


The equity for women bill was narrowly defeated several times in a country s legislature. Thirty-three votes were required for passage. Thirty-two members of the legislature voted for the bill in 1985, whereas only 30 legislators voted for it in 1987. This was true even though no legislators changed their votes. 
Which of the following, if true, best explains why the number of votes for the bill changed from 32 in 1985 to 30 in 1987 ?
In 1985 the effort to pass the bill was led by an influential, experienced legislator, whereas in 1987 the effort was led by a little-known, inexperienced legislator.
There was an election in 1986 in which two legislators who supported the bill lost their seats in the legislature and no one who supported the bill was newly elected.
There was an election in 1986 in which a party leader who did not support the bill was reelected and the party that was in power lost a seat in the legislature.
In 1986 an organization that opposed the bill mounted an extensive lobbying campaign to persuade legislators to vote against it.
Several provisions of the bill were rewritten between 1985 and 1987 in such a way that the bill s coverage was expanded considerably.

答案:(B)

Tinea is a skin infection caused by certain fungi. A significant fraction, of the people who contract tinea have outbreaks of its symptoms again and again. This proves that, for each of these individuals, the original case of tinea was, in fact, never completely cured.The argument above assumes that a person who has outbreaks of tinea symptoms again and again
can never be completely cured of tinea
does not understand what causes tinea
did not get medical treatment for the original case of tinea
did not take steps to avoid contracting tinea
has not been repeatedly infected with tinea
答案:(E)

问题:上文论述假设一个一次又一次重复出现tina症状的人怎么样?
读题:T是由某种细菌引起的皮肤感染。大量感染T的人一次又一次重新出现这种症状。这证明:对于这些人来说,早期T的症状事实上没有被完全治愈. 

分析:
上文第四行 this proves 引导结论:早期T没有被完全治愈论据是患者重复出现这种症状,结论是从一个事实、一个现象中得出的,起到了一种解释作用为什么会反复出现呢?是因为没有被完全治愈导致的问题是ASSUMPTION, 一般寻找这样的答案,没有别的原因来解释为什么会反复出现(答案一般有否定概念,但是本题5个选项都具有否定词) 
A.不可能被完全治愈A就是结论的重复,起到SUPPORT作用,但不是ASSUMPTION 
E.没有被反复感染T如果被反复感染T,也能够解释为什么会反复出现症状,因此E能够作为ASSUMPTION

Computer programs are unusual in that they are virtually the only products that have been protected both by patent and by copyright. Patents protect the idea behind an innovation, whereas copyrights protect the expression of that idea. However, in order to win either protection, the idea must be clearly distinguished from its expression. 
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
The idea behind some computer programs can be distinguished from the expression of that idea.
Anyone who writes a computer program is the inventor of the idea of that program.
Most products that are copyrighted are expressions of ideas that are patented.
Few inventors are owners of both patents and copyrights.
A patent for a computer program is no more difficult to win than a copyright.

答案:(A)

问题:下面哪一个能够从上面陈述中推导出来?
读题:计算机程序是不寻常的,因为它们事实上是仅有的既被专利又被版权保护的产品。专利保护隐藏在革新后面的思想,而版权保护思想的表达。然而,为了赢得任一种保护,思想必须与表达明显区分开来。
A. 隐藏在革新后面的思想可以与思想的表达区分开来(最后一句话in order to引导的,为了赢得任一种保护,思想必须与表达区分开来。而第一句话告诉我们,计算机程序是仅有的既被专利又被版权保护的产品,因此表明,计算机程序的思想和表达是能够被区分的) 
B. 任何写计算机程序的人是程序思想的发明者(题目中没有涉及到Anyone如此绝对的概念)
C. 大多数被版权保护的产品是被专利保护的思想的表达(题目中第一句话说:computer program is the only product,故C中的most不对)

A certain kind of traditional cloth is woven from as many as seven colors of yarn: blue, green, orange, purple, red, white, and yellow. Each piece is woven with a background of exactly one color; and either a human figure or a bird figure, or both, are woven into each piece. The following additional restrictions apply to the use of colors: 
Each figure must include at least three colors.
The color used for the background of a piece cannot be used in any figures on that piece.
Any two figures on a single piece can have at most two colors in common.
Neither blue nor purple can be used in bird figures.
If green is used in a figure, both white and yellow must be used in that figure.
For a piece with a red background and only a human figure, which of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the colors that are used in the figure?
Blue and purple
Blue, red, and yellow
Orange, white, and yellow
Blue, purple, green, and orange
Orange, purple, green, and white
答案:(C)

读题:一种布匹要用纱线来织,共7种颜色的纱线,b,g,o,p,r,w,y, 每匹布背景用一种颜色,上面有一个human figure, 或一个bird figure,或者两种figure都有。
写条件:

1、F≥3 (表示每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色)
2、B≠F (表示背景颜色和Figure上的颜色不同)
3、2F≤2same (表示每匹布上的2个Figure最多只有2种颜色相同)
4、b,p 不在Fb (表示b,p不用于 bird Figure)
5、g → wy (表示如果g用于某一Figure, w,y也用于这个Figure)

条件总结:

*题目中出现数字对于数字的总结住住是最重要的,比如象总次数,分组题中的每组数目,多重排列中的数字分配等,这道题也如此。
1、由条件1得,如果两种Figure都有的话,由于每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色,则两种Figure至少6种颜色。但是由于Figure上的颜色可以相同,条件3有:两个Figure上最多两种颜色相同,则得到如果有两个Figure,必须至少包含4种颜色
2、由条件2知,B≠F,所以具有两个Figure的布≥5种颜色。
3、*本题有2类条件:

条件1,2,3属于B-F,F-F之间的关系。条件4,5属于具体颜色的限制。

For a piece with a white background and a bird figure only, which of the following must be the colors used in the figure?
Blue, green, and orange
Green, orange, and yellow
Orange, red, and yellow
Purple, red, and white
Red, white, and yellow

答案:(C)

读题:一种布匹要用纱线来织,共7种颜色的纱线,b,g,o,p,r,w,y, 每匹布背景用一种颜色,上面有一个human figure, 或一个bird figure,或者两种figure都有。

写条件:
1、F≥3 (表示每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色)
2、B≠F (表示背景颜色和Figure上的颜色不同)
3、2F≤2same (表示每匹布上的2个Figure最多只有2种颜色相同)
4、b,p 不在Fb (表示b,p不用于 bird Figure)
5、g → wy (表示如果g用于某一Figure, w,y也用于这个Figure)

条件总结:
*题目中出现数字对于数字的总结住住是最重要的,比如象总次数,分组题中的每组数目,多重排列中的数字分配等,这道题也如此。

1、由条件1得,如果两种Figure都有的话,由于每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色,则两种Figure至少6种颜色。但是由于Figure上的颜色可以相同,条件3有:两个Figure上最多两种颜色相同,则得到如果有两个Figure,必须至少包含4种颜色
2、由条件2知,B≠F,所以具有两个Figure的布≥5种颜色。
3、*本题有2类条件:
条件1,2,3属于B-F,F-F之间的关系。
条件4,5属于具体颜色的限制。

For a piece with two figures that have exactly one color in common, that color could be any of the following EXCTPT

blue
orange
red
white
yellow$

答案:(A)

读题:一种布匹要用纱线来织,共7种颜色的纱线,b,g,o,p,r,w,y, 每匹布背景用一种颜色,上面有一个human figure, 或一个bird figure,或者两种figure都有。
写条件:

1、F≥3 (表示每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色)
2、B≠F (表示背景颜色和Figure上的颜色不同)
3、2F≤2same (表示每匹布上的2个Figure最多只有2种颜色相同)
4、b,p 不在Fb (表示b,p不用于 bird Figure)
5、g → wy (表示如果g用于某一Figure, w,y也用于这个Figure)

条件总结:

*题目中出现数字对于数字的总结住住是最重要的,比如象总次数,分组题中的每组数目,多重排列中的数字分配等,这道题也如此。

1、由条件1得,如果两种Figure都有的话,由于每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色,则两种Figure至少6种颜色。
但是由于Figure上的颜色可以相同,条件3有:两个Figure上最多两种颜色相同,则得到如果有两个Figure,必须至少包含4种颜色
2、由条件2知,B≠F,所以具有两个Figure的布≥5种颜色。
3、*本题有2类条件:
条件1,2,3属于B-F,F-F之间的关系。
条件4,5属于具体颜色的限制。
一匹布有2Figure,但仅仅只有一种颜色相同,下面哪一种可能是该颜色EXCEPT:
解题步骤:

1、 许多 EXCEPT的题其实可以不用排除法,可用推导法推出来。本题2Figure只有一种颜色相同,问不能是什么颜色。解题方向是什么呢?我们只可能寻找两类条件

a.其中某个 Figure 不包含什么颜色,那么这种颜色不能作为相同色。

b.某种颜色的存在导致其它颜色也必须在这种Figure上。(这样的话,会导致相同颜色不止一种。而条件4,5都属于这样的条件。所以颜色 b,p,g都不行。故选择(A)

For a piece with both a human figure and a bird figure, if the background is orange and the human figure includes green, then the bird figure must be which of the following colors?

Blue, green, and white
Blue, purple, and orange
Green, white, and yellow
Orange, red, and yellow
Red, white, and yellow!
答案:(E)

读题:一种布匹要用纱线来织,共7种颜色的纱线,b,g,o,p,r,w,y, 每匹布背景用一种颜色,上面有一个human figure, 或一个bird figure,或者两种figure都有。

写条件:

1、F≥3 (表示每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色)
2、B≠F (表示背景颜色和Figure上的颜色不同)
3、2F≤2same (表示每匹布上的2个Figure最多只有2种颜色相同)
4、b,p 不在Fb (表示b,p不用于 bird Figure)
5、g → wy (表示如果g用于某一Figure, w,y也用于这个Figure)

条件总结:
*题目中出现数字对于数字的总结住住是最重要的,比如象总次数,分组题中的每组数目,多重排列中的数字分配等,这道题也如此。
1、由条件1得,如果两种Figure都有的话,由于每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色,则两种Figure至少6种颜色。但是由于Figure上的颜色可以相同,条件3有:两个Figure上最多两种颜色相同,则得到如果有两个Figure,必须至少包含4种颜色
2、由条件2知,B≠F,所以具有两个Figure的布≥5种颜色。
3、*本题有2类条件:
条件1,2,3属于B-F,F-F之间的关系。
条件4,5属于具体颜色的限制。
2种Figure都有,如果o∈B,g∈Fh,那么bird Figure一定是下列哪种颜色组合?
解题步骤:
1、 o∈B,条件2: B≠F,∴o不在Fb
2、 g∈Fh,条件5: g→wy,则w,y也在Fh
如果g∈Fb,则2种Figure有3种颜色同,违反条件3(2个Figure最多只有2种颜色相同)
3、 条件4有:b,p不在Fb,
一共还留下3种颜色,r,w,y在Fb

A piece with two figures must be woven of yarn of at least how many colors?
3
4
5
6
7
答案:(C)
读题:一种布匹要用纱线来织,共7种颜色的纱线,b,g,o,p,r,w,y, 每匹布背景用一种颜色,上面有一个human figure, 或一个bird figure,或者两种figure都有。

写条件:
1、F≥3 (表示每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色)
2、B≠F (表示背景颜色和Figure上的颜色不同)
3、2F≤2same (表示每匹布上的2个Figure最多只有2种颜色相同)
4、b,p 不在Fb (表示b,p不用于 bird Figure)
5、g → wy (表示如果g用于某一Figure, w,y也用于这个Figure)

条件总结:
*题目中出现数字对于数字的总结住住是最重要的,比如象总次数,分组题中的每组数目,多重排列中的数字分配等,这道题也如此。
1、由条件1得,如果两种Figure都有的话,由于每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色,则两种Figure至少6种颜色。但是由于Figure上的颜色可以相同,条件3有:两个Figure上最多两种颜色相同,则得到如果有两个Figure,必须至少包含4种颜色
2、由条件2知,B≠F,所以具有两个Figure的布≥5种颜色。
3、*本题有2类条件:
条件1,2,3属于B-F,F-F之间的关系。
条件4,5属于具体颜色的限制。

For a piece with two figures that have no colors in common, the background CANNOT be which of the following colors?
Blue
Green
Purple
Red
White
答案:(E)

读题:一种布匹要用纱线来织,共7种颜色的纱线,b,g,o,p,r,w,y, 每匹布背景用一种颜色,上面有一个human figure, 或一个bird figure,或者两种figure都有。
写条件:
1、F≥3 (表示每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色)
2、B≠F (表示背景颜色和Figure上的颜色不同)
3、2F≤2same (表示每匹布上的2个Figure最多只有2种颜色相同)
4、b,p 不在Fb (表示b,p不用于 bird Figure)
5、g → wy (表示如果g用于某一Figure, w,y也用于这个Figure)
条件总结:
*题目中出现数字对于数字的总结住住是最重要的,比如象总次数,分组题中的每组数目,多重排列中的数字分配等,这道题也如此。

1、由条件1得,如果两种Figure都有的话,由于每一种Figure至少包含3种颜色,则两种Figure至少6种颜色。但是由于Figure上的颜色可以相同,条件3有:两个Figure上最多两种颜色相同,则得到如果有两个Figure,必须至少包含4种颜色
2、由条件2知,B≠F,所以具有两个Figure的布≥5种颜色。
3、*本题有2类条件:
条件1,2,3属于B-F,F-F之间的关系。
条件4,5属于具体颜色的限制。
2种Figure没有颜色相同,背景CANNOT为哪一种颜色?
解题步骤:

1、没有颜色相同,则意味着7种颜色全部用上,背景CANNOT为哪一种颜色呢?
当然要用涉及具体颜色限制的条件。

条件4只与Fb相关,
条件5:g→wy,表示对于g来说,要么用在背景,
如果用在Figure上的话,必须是gwy在一起,w,y受g的限制,不能用于背景

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