近义词组详解

LESSON ONE

    1. clothes, cloth, clothing
　　clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
　　2. incident, accident
　　incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.
　　3. amount, number
　　amount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students
　　4. family, house, home
　　home 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.
　　5. sound, voice, noise
　　sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
　　6. photo, picture, drawing
　　photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture.
　　7. vocabulary, word
　　vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.
　　8. population, people
　　population人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population.
　　9. weather, climate
　　weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.
　　10. road, street, path, way
　　road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径
　　take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
　　11. course, subject
　　course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course
　　12. custom, habit
　　custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
　　13. cause, reason
　　cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
　　14. exercise, exercises, practice
　　exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.
　　15. class, lesson
　　作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5
　　16. speech, talk, lecture
　　speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on…
　　17. officer, official
　　officer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer
　　18. work, job
　　二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job
　　19. couple, pair
　　couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers
　　20. country, nation, state, land
　　country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.

LESSON TWO

    1. in a word, in words
　　in a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right.
　　2. in place of, in the place of
　　in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.
　　3. in secret, in the secret
　　in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
　　4. a girl, one girl
　　a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?
　　5. take a chair, take the chair
　　take a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会
　　6. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
　　go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea
　　7. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
　　the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is
　　8. in office, in the office
　　in office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.
　　9. in bed, on the bed
　　in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.
　　10. in charge of, in the charge of
　　in charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.
　　11. in class, in the class
　　in class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class.
　　12. on fire, on the fire
　　on fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.
　　13. out of question, out of the question
　　out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的
　　14. a second, the second
　　a second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize.
　　15. by day, by the day
　　by day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.
　　16. the people, a people
　　the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
　　17. it, one
　　it同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.

    18. that, this
　　that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why…
　　19. none, nothing, no one
　　none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人
　　--- How many…/How much…? --- None.
　　20. anyone, any one
　　anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you
　　21. who, what
　　who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.
　　22. what, which
　　what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
　　23. other, another
　　other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student
　　24. not a little, not a bit
　　not a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。
　　25. many, much, a lot of
　　many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.
　　26. much more…than, many more…than
　　much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful
　　27. no, not
　　no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water
　　28. no more than, not more than
　　no more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过
　　29. majority, most
　　majority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 the majority of people
　　30. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
　　by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的