挑战者号航天飞机遇难

简介

挑战者号航天飞机遇难

罗纳德·威尔逊·里根(1911.02.6—2004.06.5)是美国第40任总统，生于伊利诺伊州。父亲杰克是个皮鞋推销员。1911年2月6日，罗纳德·威尔逊·里根出生于伊利诺斯州的坦皮科镇(父亲约翰，里根，母亲丽娜·里根)，中学就读于附近的迪克森镇，然后半工半读完成在尤里卡学院的大学课程。他学习经济学和社会学，参加校足球队比赛和校剧社的演出。毕业后，里根成为一名电台体育播音员，1937年的一次试镜使他在好莱坞赢得了一份演出合同。进入好莱坞华纳兄弟电影公司当电影和电视演员。第二次世界大战期间应征入伍，在空军服役。退伍后重返好莱坞，在接下来的20年里，他共参加了53部电影的演出。后任电影演员公会主席、电影委员会主席。

1940年里根与简·怀曼结婚，有一女，后离异。1952年与南希·戴维斯结婚，有一子一女。著有《里根回忆录》一书。

1962年、1976年两次争取共和党提名总统候选人，均未成功。1980年再次争取，被提名，并在竞选中击败卡特而获胜。1984年谋求连任成功。里根执政期间，提出一项旨在压缩政府开支、减少国营事业、降低通货膨胀率的政治改革计划，收效甚微。对外，对苏联等社会主义国家取强硬立场，并提出了“星球大战”计划。

1981年3月30日， 里根总统在华盛顿希尔顿饭店召开的一次劳工集会上发表演讲，在他返回自己的轿车时遭到枪击，胸部受伤， 他的新闻秘书詹姆斯-布雷迪和两名随行军官也受了伤。

1984年美国民族自信心的恢复，使里根和布什以前所未有的选票赢得了第二任。他们的胜利使得民主党竞选人沃尔特·蒙代尔和杰拉尔丁·费拉罗被“拒之门外”。

1984年4月26日至5月1日，里根应邀对中国进行国事访问，他是中美两国建交后首位在任时访华的美国总统。

1986年里根成功地进行了税收法典的改革，扫除了许多克扣制度——免除了数百万低收人者的税赋，在他任职末期，是美国历史上持续时间最长的、没有经济衰退和经济萧条的和平时期。

1989年1月里根辞职。

1993年里根获总统自由勋章。

1994年11月5日，里根向公众宣布，他患了“阿兹海默氏症”。

2004年6月5日病势，享年93岁。

（Shuttle Challenger）

Shuttle Challenger

美国正式使用的第二架航天飞机。开发初期原本是被作为高拟真结构测试体（high-fidelity Structural Test Article，因此初期机身代号为STA-099），但在挑战者号完成初期测试任务后，被改装成正式的轨道载具（Orbiter Vehicle，因此代号改为OV-099），并于1983年4月4日正式进行任务首航。然而很不幸的，挑战者号在1986年1月28日进行代号STS-51-L的第10次太空任务时，因为右侧固态火箭推进器上面的一个O形环失效，导致一连串的连锁反应，并且在升空后73秒时，爆炸解体坠毁。机上的7名宇航员全在该次意外中丧生。

Ronald Reagan: The Space Shuttle "Challenger" Tragedy Address
"We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights...more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space."
delivered 28 January 1986
Ladies and Gentlemen, I'd planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans. Today is a day for mourning and remembering. Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger. We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. This is truly a national loss.
Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground. But, we've never lost an astronaut in flight. We've never had a tragedy like this. And perhaps we've forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe. We mourn their loss as a nation together.
For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. But we feel the loss, and we're thinking about you so very much. Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, "Give me a challenge, and I'll meet it with joy." They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us.
We've grown used to wonders in this century. It's hard to dazzle us. But for twenty-five years the United States space program has been doing just that. We've grown used to the idea of space, and, perhaps we forget that we've only just begun. We're still pioneers. They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers.
And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttle's take-off. I know it's hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery. It's all part of taking a chance and expanding man's horizons. The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and we'll continue to follow them.
I've always had great faith in and respect for our space program. And what happened today does nothing to diminish it. We don't hide our space program. We don't keep secrets and cover things up. We do it all up front and in public. That's the way freedom is, and we wouldn't change it for a minute.
We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue.
I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA, or who worked on this mission and tell them: "Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades. And we know of your anguish. We share it."
There's a coincidence today. On this day 390 years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans, and a historian later said, "He lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it." Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drake's, complete.
The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and "slipped the surly bonds of earth" to "touch the face of God."
Thank you.