让步状语从句

让步状语从句
一、引导让步状语从句的从属连词
主要的有although, though, even though, even if等：
Although he is poor, he’s still happy. 虽然他很穷，他仍然很快乐。
I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失败, 我也要试一下。
We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我们也要去。
【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导让步状语从句外，还应注意以下情况：
(1) 用when 和while引导让步状语从句。不要认为when和while只引导时间状语从句，其实它们也可引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”或“虽然”：
She stopped when she ought to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去，她却停住了。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
(2) 用whether…or…引导让步状语从句：
I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜欢，我都要做。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否, 他都将失败。
(3) 用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句：
He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。
Come whenever you like. 你爱什么时候来就什么时候来。

二、whatever, however 等-ever词用法说明
这些词的用法应注意以下几点：
(1) 它们均可引导让步状语从句，意为“无论…”：
Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。
Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。
Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。
Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里，我也去。
(2) 它们引导让步状语从句时，通常可换成no matter…，如说：
No matter what you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。
No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不(发胖。
(3) 注意however以下两类句型结构：
① however+主语+谓语：
However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走，至少要三天。
However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么来，一定要早来。
② however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语：
However much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。
However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷，她都会去游泳。
有时该结构中的主语和谓语可以有所省略：
He was of some help, however small. 他总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。
I refuse, however favorable the condition. 不管条件多好，我都不接受。
(4) 有时从句谓语可用情态动词：
I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 无论他在哪里，我都要找到他。
Keep calm, whatever happens [may happen]. 无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。
(5) whenever有时可引导时间状语从句，wherever 有时可引导地点状语从句：
Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次见到他，我们都和他说话。
They teach wherever their pupils are working. 学生在哪里工作，教师们就在哪里上课

三、让步状语从句与倒装
引导倒装的让步状语从句通常用as和though，但不是能用although：
Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。
【注】as 可以在以上这样的倒装结构中引出让步状语，但若不倒装，则不能用as，而与之相反，although在不倒装的结构中可引导让步状语，但在倒装的结构中却不可以用。

引导让步状语从句的从属连词有although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though(即使), whether…or…(不论/不管……还是……) 以及“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”等。如：
Although/Though they are poor they are happy. 虽然他们很穷，但很快乐。
Though he is very old, he works hard. 尽管他年老了但仍努力工作。
Tired as he was, he sat up late. 他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。
While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape. 虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。
I’ll go even if/though it snows. 即使下雪我也要去(from http://www.yygrammar/)。
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你信还是不信，这的确是事实。
However (=No matter how) tired you may be, you must do it today. 不管怎样累, 你也得今天做。
Wherever (=No matter where) I am, I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

注意：
1. as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首，though引导的让步状语从句，也可将这些成分置于句首，但although等其它词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置。如(from http://www.yygrammar/)：
Hard as/though they tried (=Although/Though they tried hard), they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。
2. 引导让步状语从句时，若提前的是可数名词单数，要省略不定冠词。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是孩子，但他却很懂事了。
3. 表示“虽然”的连词不能与表示“但是”的连词but连用，但可以yet或still等副词连用。如(from http://www.yygrammar/)：
译：虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。
误：Though it was raining, but he went there.
正：Though it was raining, he went there.
正：It was raining, but he went there.
正：Though it was raining, yet he went there.

英语基础语法专练·状语从句
They kept trying _____ they must have known it was hopeless.
A. if B. because
C. when D. where

KEY： C

______ I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
A. Since B. Because
C. If D. While 

KEY: D

The fire went on for quite some time _____ it was brought under control.
A. when B. since
C. after D. before

KEY: D

Will you keep my place in the queue for me _____ I go and make a phone call?
A. since           B. while
C. in case D. until

KEY: B

_____ I’m very much mistaken, that’s my watch you’re wearing!
A. If B. Unless
C. Since D. Because

KEY:B