杀死一只知更鸟

中文片名：杀死一只知更鸟
原片名：To Kill a Mockingbird
更多中文片名：梅岗城的故事/怪屋疑云
片长:129 分钟
国家/地区:美国

　　格利高里·派克 Gregory Peck .....Atticus Finch
　　玛丽·巴德姆 Mary Badham .....Jean Louise 'Scout' Finch
　　Phillip Alford .....Jeremy 'Jem' Finch
　　罗伯特·杜瓦尔 Robert Duvall .....Arthur 'Boo' Radley
    约翰 梅根纳 John Megna .....Charles Baker 'Dill' Harris
　　弗兰克 奥弗顿 Frank Overton .....Sheriff Heck Tate
　　罗斯玛丽 墨菲 Rosemary Murphy .....Maudie Atkinson
　　保罗·菲克斯 Paul Fix .....Judge Taylor

　

　
阿提克斯·芬奇（Atticus Finch）：斯各特和杰姆的父亲，律师。出身于中产世家，年轻时是神射手，发妻已逝。他有不少幽默感，并且将强烈的道德正义感成功地灌输给下一代。他是梅康镇里为数不多的坚持与致力于种族平等的居民之一。在汤姆·鲁滨逊被指控强奸了一名白人女子后，他毅然为其辩护。因此，他的家庭成为镇上居民发泄愤怒的对象。他具有坚定的信念与睿智，设身处地为他人着想。他在小说中是道义的化身。
　　
珍·路易斯·“斯各特”·芬奇（Jean Louise “Scout” Finch）：小说的叙述者。她是一个很男子气的女孩，十分聪明。她的内心始终相信小镇的居民是善良的。尽管后来汤姆·鲁滨逊案的审判出现仇恨与偏见，对她的信念是个考验。但最终，她能以更成熟的眼光去发现和欣赏他人的善良，又不忽视其罪恶。
　　
杰姆·阿提克斯·芬奇(Jeremy Atticus Finch)：斯各特的哥哥。童年时作为典型的美国男孩，经常与妹妹玩耍。他勇敢、善良、有正义感和同情心。尽管后来随着年龄的增长，不大愿意常和妹妹一起，但在整部小说中，他都是妹妹的最好朋友和保护者（后来他还为保护妹妹导致一只手残废）。他在小说中逐渐成长为青年。而汤姆·鲁滨逊案的审判对他的信念有近乎毁灭性的打击。
　　
亚瑟·“布”·拉德力（Arthur “Boo”Radley）：象征无辜的受害者，也是小说中最重要的“知更鸟”。他足不出户。杰姆和斯各特童年时都把他看成恐怖的代名词。但他常为孩子
们留下一些陈旧的小礼物，并且在杰姆和斯各特被袭击时拯救了他们。他十分善良。他象征了人类的罪恶对公义与善良造成威胁。
　　汤姆·鲁滨逊(Tom Robinson)：一个在种植园工作的诚实黑人。他被诬陷犯有强奸罪。最终在逃跑中被射杀。他也是一只“知更鸟”－－什么坏事都没做，只是“用它们的心唱歌给我们听”。他象征了天真会被罪恶吞噬。
　　
鲍伯·尤厄尔（Bob Ewell）：他是镇上最贫穷的白人之一，同时也是个酒鬼。他诬陷汤姆·鲁滨逊强奸他女儿。后来还无耻地威胁和伤害阿提克斯·芬奇的家人。他代表的美国南方黑暗、无知、种族仇恨的一面。 

To Kill a Mockingbird is a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was instantly successful and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.

The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explained the novel's impact by writing, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism."

As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage and compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in English-speaking countries with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms. Often the book is challenged for its use of racial epithets, and writers have noticed that regardless of its popularity since its publication, some readers are displeased by the novel's treatment of black characters.

Lee's novel was initially reviewed by at least 30 newspapers and magazines, whose critics varied widely in their assessments. More recently, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one "every adult should read before they die". The book was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. To date, it is Lee's only published novel, and although she continues to respond to the book's impact, she has refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964. 

　　1962年，好莱坞赞赏的目光投向风流小生格利高里·派克。根据哈柏李（Harper Lee）畅销小说改编，在《杀死一只知更鸟》里，一向以英俊潇洒出现在银幕上的派克突然戴起了一幅宽边眼镜，格外庄重与老派起来。原来，他是在扮演一位不顾个人安危，为黑人伸张正义的律师——艾蒂科斯·芬奇。芬奇在南方梅岗城任职，为人正直沉稳，常常不计报酬地为穷人们伸张正义。他对年幼丧母的女儿斯科特与儿子詹姆即严格又慈爱。有一次谈起打鸟时，他对孩子说，不要去杀死知更鸟，因为它们只为人类歌唱，从来不做危害人类的事情。
　　
在当地，歧视黑人的现象十分严重。一天，芬奇去法院为黑人汤姆一案当辩护律师。白人检查官指控汤姆犯有强奸罪，芬奇经过认真调查，发现事实并非如此。于是，在法庭上，他实事求是地进行辩护，把对汤姆的指控一一加以驳斥，最后他要求判汤姆无罪，并且义正辞严地呼吁人们要尊重事实，要维护人类的尊严与平等。可是法官与陪审团都偏信原告的“证词”，仍判汤姆有罪。而且，事情并没有就此结束，持种族偏见的一些白人进而对芬奇一家进行挑衅和恫吓，詹姆与斯科特在参加万圣节庆祝活动时被一伙歹徒袭击，詹姆的胳膊被扭断。面对强暴，芬奇毫不畏缩，他准备继续为汤姆申诉。
　　

　　
　　·人生的善恶问题。善良与罪恶并存，因而应该欣赏他人美德并以同情态度从他人的视角看待生活来理解他人的罪恶。
　　·罪恶威胁着无辜者。
　　·同情与理解在良知发展中的作用。
　　·儿童与知识和道德上的教育。最重要的是教育他们具同情和理解之心，而同情和理解的方式是教育的最佳途径。
　　·种族歧视与社会等级的虚伪。
　　·从童年向成年的过渡问题。人活着不泯灭良知而又不丧失希望、不愤世疾俗是可能的。

Atticus Finch:I remember when my daddy gave me that gun. He told me that I should never point it at anything in the house; and that he'd rather I'd shoot at tin cans in the backyard. But he said that sooner or later he supposed the temptation to go after birds would be too much, and that I could shoot all the blue jays I wanted - if I could hit 'em; but to remember it was a sin to kill a mockingbird. Well, I reckon because mockingbirds don't do anything but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat people's gardens, don't nest in the corncrib, they don't do one thing but just sing their hearts out for us.


Scout:May I see your watch? "To Atticus, My Beloved Husband." Atticus, Jem says this watch is gonna belong to him some day.
Atticus Finch:That's right.
Scout:Why?
Atticus Finch:Well, it's customary for the boy to have his father's watch.
Scout:What are you gonna give me?
Atticus Finch:Well, I don't know that I have much else of value that belongs to me... But there's a pearl necklace; there's a ring that belonged to your mother. And I've put them away, and they're to be yours.


Atticus Finch:If you just learn a single trick, Scout, you'll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it.