第二十一条  除因防洪、航道、港口或者其他水工程占用河道管理范围及蓄滞洪区内的湿地外，经依法批准占用重要湿地的单位应当根据当地自然条件恢复或者重建与所占用湿地面积和质量相当的湿地；没有条件恢复、重建的，应当缴纳湿地恢复费。缴纳湿地恢复费的，不再缴纳其他相同性质的恢复费用。

Article 21 Except for the wetlands in the river management area and in the flood storage and detention areas are occupied for flood control, waterway, port or other water projects, the entity that has been approved to occupy important wetlands shall restore or rebuild ​​the occupied wetlands according to the local natural conditions with the area and quality equivalent to that of the occupied area. If there is no condition for restoration and reconstruction, the entity shall pay the wetland restoration fee. If the wetland restoration fee is paid, no other restoration fee will be paid for the same purpose.

　　湿地恢复费缴纳和使用管理办法由国务院财政部门会同国务院林业草原等有关部门制定。

The administrative measures for the payment and use of wetland restoration fee shall be formulated by the competent department of finance under the State Council in conjunction with relevant competent departments under the State Council, such as the competent department of forestry and grassland.

　　第二十二条  国务院林业草原主管部门应当按照监测技术规范开展国家重要湿地动态监测，及时掌握湿地分布、面积、水量、生物多样性、受威胁状况等变化信息。

Article 22 The competent department of forestry and grassland under the State Council shall carry out dynamic monitoring of nationally important wetlands in accordance with monitoring specifications, and timely update the information on changes in wetland distribution, area, water volume, biodiversity and its endangered status.

　　国务院林业草原主管部门应当依据监测数据，对国家重要湿地生态状况进行评估，并按照规定发布预警信息。

The competent department of forestry and grassland under the State Council shall assess the ecological status of nationally important wetlands based on monitoring data, and issue early warning information in accordance with regulations.

　　省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业草原主管部门应当按照监测技术规范开展省级重要湿地动态监测、评估和预警工作。

The competent forestry and grassland departments of the provincial-level people's governments shall carry out dynamic monitoring, assessment and early warning of provincially important wetlands in accordance with monitoring specifications.

　　县级以上地方人民政府林业草原主管部门应当加强对一般湿地的动态监测。

The competent forestry and grassland departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the dynamic monitoring of general wetlands.

 

第三章  湿地保护与利用

Chapter 3 Wetland Protection and Utilization

 

　　第二十三条  国家坚持生态优先、绿色发展，完善湿地保护制度，健全湿地保护政策支持和科技支撑机制，保障湿地生态功能和永续利用，实现生态效益、社会效益、经济效益相统一。

Article 23 The state upholds eco-priority and green development, improves the wetland protection mechanisms, refines the mechanisms for wetland protection support policy and science and technology, guarantees the ecological function and sustainable use of wetlands, and synergizes ecological, social and economic benefits.

　　第二十四条  省级以上人民政府及其有关部门根据湿地保护规划和湿地保护需要，依法将湿地纳入国家公园、自然保护区或者自然公园。

Article 24 The people's governments at or above the provincial levels and their relevant departments shall, based on the wetland protection plan and wetland protection requirements, incorporate wetlands into their national parks, nature reserves or natural parks in accordance with law.

　　第二十五条  地方各级人民政府及其有关部门应当采取措施，预防和控制人为活动对湿地及其生物多样性的不利影响，加强湿地污染防治，减缓人为因素和自然因素导致的湿地退化，维护湿地生态功能稳定。

Article 25 Local people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments shall take measures to prevent and control the adverse effects of human activities on wetlands and their biodiversity, intensify the prevention and control of wetland pollution, mitigate the degradation of wetlands caused by human and natural factors, and maintain the stability of ecological functions of wetlands.

　　在湿地范围内从事旅游、种植、畜牧、水产养殖、航运等利用活动，应当避免改变湿地的自然状况，并采取措施减轻对湿地生态功能的不利影响。

Those engaged in tourism, planting, animal husbandry, aquaculture, shipping and other utilization activities within the wetlands should avoid changing the natural conditions of the wetlands, and take measures to reduce the adverse impact on the ecological function of wetlands.

　　县级以上人民政府有关部门在办理环境影响评价、国土空间规划、海域使用、养殖、防洪等相关行政许可时，应当加强对有关湿地利用活动的必要性、合理性以及湿地保护措施等内容的审查。

When the relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level handle relevant administrative licenses for environmental impact assessment, national land and space planning, sea area use, aquaculture, and flood prevention and control, they shall strengthen the examination of the necessity and rationality of the wetland utilization activities and the wetland protection measures.

　　第二十六条  地方各级人民政府对省级重要湿地和一般湿地利用活动进行分类指导，鼓励单位和个人开展符合湿地保护要求的生态旅游、生态农业、生态教育、自然体验等活动，适度控制种植养殖等湿地利用规模。

Article 26 The local people's governments at all levels shall provide targeted guidance on the use of provincially important wetlands and general wetlands, and encourage entities and individuals to undertake activities such as eco-tourism, eco-agriculture, ecological education, and natural experience that meet the requirements for wetland protection. The scale of wetland utilization for such purposes as planting and breeding shall be controlled appropriately.

　　地方各级人民政府应当鼓励有关单位优先安排当地居民参与湿地管护。

Local people's governments at all levels shall encourage relevant entities to provide more employment opportunities to local residents in wetland management and protection.

　　第二十七条  县级以上地方人民政府应当充分考虑保障重要湿地生态功能的需要，优化重要湿地周边产业布局。

Article 27 The local people's governments at or above the county level shall fully take into account the need to ensure the ecological functions of important wetlands, and optimize the industry layout around important wetlands.

　　县级以上地方人民政府可以采取定向扶持、产业转移、吸引社会资金、社区共建等方式，推动湿地周边地区绿色发展，促进经济发展与湿地保护相协调。

The local people's governments at or above the county level can adopt measures, such as targeted support, industrial transfer, attracting social funds, and community co-construction, to promote the green development of the areas around wetlands, and promote the synergy of economic development and wetland conservation.

　　第二十八条  禁止下列破坏湿地及其生态功能的行为：

Article 28 The following acts that damage wetlands and their ecological functions are prohibited:

　　（一）开（围）垦、排干自然湿地，永久性截断自然湿地水源；

1. Reclaiming (encircling) and draining natural wetlands, and permanently cutting off the water sources of natural wetlands;

　　（二）擅自填埋自然湿地，擅自采砂、采矿、取土；

2. Landfilling natural wetlands without authorization, extravating sand, mining mineral ores and collecting soil without authorization;

　　（三）排放不符合水污染物排放标准的工业废水、生活污水及其他污染湿地的废水、污水，倾倒、堆放、丢弃、遗撒固体废物；

3. Discharging industrial waste water and domestic sewage that do not meet the discharge standards for water pollutants, and other waste water and sewage that pollute wetlands; and dumping, piling, discarding, or scattering solid wastes;

　　（四）过度放牧或者滥采野生植物，过度捕捞或者灭绝式捕捞，过度施肥、投药、投放饵料等污染湿地的种植养殖行为；

4. Over-grazing or over-harvesting of wild plants, over-fishing or extinction-style fishing, over application of fertilization, pesticide, and bait, and other planting and breeding practices that may pollute wetlands;

　　（五）其他破坏湿地及其生态功能的行为。

5. Other acts that damage wetlands and their ecological functions.

　　第二十九条 县级以上人民政府有关部门应当按照职责分工，开展湿地有害生物监测工作，及时采取有效措施预防、控制、消除有害生物对湿地生态系统的危害。

Article 29 The relevant departments of the people's government at or above the county level shall, based on their respective responsibilities, carry out the monitoring of harmful organisms in wetlands, and take effective measures to prevent, control and eliminate the harm of these organisms to the wetland ecosystem in a timely manner.

　　第三十条  县级以上人民政府应当加强对国家重点保护野生动植物集中分布湿地的保护。任何单位和个人不得破坏鸟类和水生生物的生存环境。

Article 30 The people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the protection of the wetlands where wild animals and plants protected under national policy are distributed with a larger amount. No entity or individual may damage the living environment of birds and aquatic organisms.

禁止在以水鸟为保护对象的自然保护地及其他重要栖息地从事捕鱼、挖捕底栖生物、捡拾鸟蛋、破坏鸟巢等危及水鸟生存、繁衍的活动。开展观鸟、科学研究以及科普活动等应当保持安全距离，避免影响鸟类正常觅食和繁殖。

In nature reserves and other important habitats where waterfowl is targeted as protection objects, it is prohibited to engage in activities that harm the survival and reproduction of waterfowl, including fishing, digging and catching benthic organisms, collecting bird eggs, and destroying bird nests. When bird watching, scientific research and science popularization activities are conducted, a safe distance should be kept, so as to avoid affecting the routine foraging and reproduction of birds.

　　在重要水生生物产卵场、索饵场、越冬场和洄游通道等重要栖息地应当实施保护措施。经依法批准在洄游通道建闸、筑坝，可能对水生生物洄游产生影响的，建设单位应当建造过鱼设施或者采取其他补救措施。

Protective measures should be taken in important habitats of important aquatic organisms, such as spawning grounds, feeding grounds, overwintering places and migratory passages. If the construction of sluices or dams in the migratory passages has been approved according to law, which may have an adverse impact on the migration of aquatic organisms, the construction entity shall build facilities for fish passage or take other remedial measures.

　　禁止向湿地引进和放生外来物种，确需引进的应当进行科学评估，并依法取得批准。

The introduction and release of alien species into wetlands is prohibited, and if the introduction really needs to be conducted, it shall be subject to scientific evaluation and approval in accordance with law.

　　第三十一条  国务院水行政主管部门和地方各级人民政府应当加强对河流、湖泊范围内湿地的管理和保护，因地制宜采取水系连通、清淤疏浚、水源涵养与水土保持等治理修复措施，严格控制河流源头和蓄滞洪区、水土流失严重区等区域的湿地开发利用活动，减轻对湿地及其生物多样性的不利影响。

Article 31 The water administrative department of the State Council and local people's governments at all levels shall strengthen the management and protection of wetlands within the scope of river and lake basins, and take measures to manage and restore wetlands according to local conditions, including water system linking, dredging, water source conservation, and soil conservation; shall control the development and utilization of wetlands in such areas as river headwaters, flood storage and detention areas, and areas with severe soil erosion, so as to reduce adverse impact on wetlands and their biodiversity.

　　第三十二条  国务院自然资源主管部门和沿海地方各级人民政府应当加强对滨海湿地的管理和保护，严格管控围填滨海湿地。经依法批准的项目，应当同步实施生态保护修复，减轻对滨海湿地生态功能的不利影响。

Article 32 The competent department of natural resources under the State Council and the people's governments of coastal regions at all levels shall strengthen the management and protection of coastal wetlands, and strictly control the reclamation of coastal wetlands. For projects approved according to law, ecological protection and restoration shall be implemented simultaneously to reduce the adverse impact on the ecological functions of coastal wetlands.

　　第三十三条  国务院住房城乡建设主管部门和地方各级人民政府应当加强对城市湿地的管理和保护，采取城市水系治理和生态修复等措施，提升城市湿地生态质量，发挥城市湿地雨洪调蓄、净化水质、休闲游憩、科普教育等功能。

Article 33 The competent department of housing and urban-rural development under the State Council and local people's governments at all levels shall strengthen the management and protection of urban wetlands, take measures such as urban water system management and ecological restoration, improve the ecological quality of urban wetlands, and give full play to the regulation and storage function of rainwater in urban wetlands, water purification, recreation, science popularization education and other functions.

　　第三十四条  红树林湿地所在地县级以上地方人民政府应当组织编制红树林湿地保护专项规划，采取有效措施保护红树林湿地。

Article 34 The local people's governments at or above the county level where the mangrove wetlands are located shall organize the preparation of special plans for the protection of mangrove wetlands, and take effective measures to protect the mangrove wetlands.

　　红树林湿地应当列入重要湿地名录；符合国家重要湿地标准的，应当优先列入国家重要湿地名录。

Mangrove wetlands should be included in the list of important wetlands; those that meet the standards of nationally important wetlands should be given priority to be included in the list of nationally important wetlands.

　　禁止占用红树林湿地。经省级以上人民政府有关部门评估，确因国家重大项目、防灾减灾等需要占用的，应当依照有关法律规定办理，并做好保护和修复工作。相关建设项目改变红树林所在河口水文情势、对红树林生长产生较大影响的，应当采取有效措施减轻不利影响。

The occupation of mangrove wetlands is prohibited. If it is indeed necessary to occupy them due to major national projects, disaster prevention and mitigation and other purposes after it has been assessed by the relevant departments of the people's government at or above the provincial level, the occupation shall be handled in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and the protection and restoration shall well implemented. If the relevant construction projects change the hydrological regime of the estuary where the mangroves are located and have a greater impact on the growth of the mangroves, effective measures shall be taken to mitigate the adverse effects.

　　禁止在红树林湿地挖塘，禁止采伐、采挖、移植红树林或者过度采摘红树林种子，禁止投放、种植危害红树林生长的物种。因科研、医药或者红树林湿地保护等需要采伐、采挖、移植、采摘的，应当依照有关法律法规办理。

It is prohibited to dig ponds in mangrove wetlands, and it is forbidden to log, excavate, transplant mangroves or over-harvest mangrove seeds, and it is forbidden to introduce and plant species that may endanger the growth of mangroves. Where felling, digging, transplanting and collecting are required for scientific research, medicine or mangrove wetland protection and other activities, relevant laws and regulations shall be followed.

　　第三十五条  泥炭沼泽湿地所在地县级以上地方人民政府应当制定泥炭沼泽湿地保护专项规划，采取有效措施保护泥炭沼泽湿地。

Article 35 In the regions where the peat swamp wetlands are located, the local people's government at or above the county level shall prepare special plans for the protection of peat swamp wetlands, and take effective measures to protect these peat swamp wetlands.

　　符合重要湿地标准的泥炭沼泽湿地，应当列入重要湿地名录。

If these peat swamp wetlands meet the criteria for important wetlands, they shall be included in the list of important wetlands.

　　禁止在泥炭沼泽湿地开采泥炭或者擅自开采地下水；禁止将泥炭沼泽湿地蓄水向外排放，因防灾减灾需要的除外。

It is prohibited to collect peat in peat swamp wetlands or to take groundwater without authorization; and it is prohibited to discharge the stored water in peat swamp wetlands to the outside, except for the needs of disaster prevention and mitigation.

　　第三十六条  国家建立湿地生态保护补偿制度。

Article 36 The state shall establish a compensation system for wetland ecological protection.

　　国务院和省级人民政府应当按照事权划分原则加大对重要湿地保护的财政投入，加大对重要湿地所在地区的财政转移支付力度。

The State Council and provincial people's governments should increase financial input in the protection of important wetlands in accordance with their respective administrative power, and increase financial transfer payments to the areas where important wetlands are located.

　　国家鼓励湿地生态保护地区与湿地生态受益地区人民政府通过协商或者市场机制进行地区间生态保护补偿。

The state encourages the people's governments in wetland ecological protection areas and those in beneficiary wetland ecological areas to conduct inter-regional ecological protection compensation through negotiation or market mechanisms.

因生态保护等公共利益需要，造成湿地所有者或者使用者合法权益受到损害的，县级以上人民政府应当给予补偿。  

If the legitimate rights and interests of wetland owners or users are damaged due to the needs of ecological protection and other public interests, the people's government at or above the county level shall make compensation.