2014年考研英语新概念必背作文精选：最早的日历

　　Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历

　　Future historians will be in a unique position when they come torecord the history of our own times. They will hardly know which facts toselect from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What is more,they will not have to rely solely on the written word. Films, videos, CDs andCD-ROMS are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have.They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. But the historianattempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficulttask. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. Evenseemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history ofearly man.

　　Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into beingwith the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need tounderstand something about the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems toindicate that this assumption is incorrect.

　　Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols whichhave been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths. The nomadswho made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Agewhich began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlatingmarkings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to readthis difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage ofdays and the phases of the moon. It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were notsimply a form of artistic expression. They had a definite meaning, for theywere as near as early man could get to writing. It is possible that there is adefinite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimesaccompany them. It seems that man was making a real effort to understand theseasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.

　　未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务，他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。

　　历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要，但近期科学研究发现，好像这种假设是不正确的。

　　长期以来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早20,000年。

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