【托福百问百答】如何应对托福独立写作“三选一”结构？

很多同学不知道托福独立写作部分遇到“三选一“的文章结构时应该如何处理，其实三选一并不复杂，只需要熟记两个注意点就可以轻松应付：一是三者都要提及；二是并没有唯一的正确结构，结构应该根据题目灵活的选择。

来看一道例题。
Essay Topic
Which one is the most important for teacher of high school？
1. The ability to help students plan for their future；
2. The ability to find the students who need help most and help them；
3. Teach students how to learn outside the classroom.
就这道题来讲，题型基本结构的选择有两种：三项能力都重要，但是第一项最重要；第一项是重要的，而第二项和第三项是不重要的。其他的文章结构都是这两种的变体。我们拿第二种结构举例：
总论点：规划未来能力最重要（vs. 发现需要帮助的同学 &教会自学）
主体段1：学生最需要规划，而只有老师有能力提供
主体段2：发现需要帮助的能力不重要，因为学生自己会来找
主体段3：课外自学不重要，高中生没有课外时间
The ability to help student with planning their future is definitely the most important capability for high school teachers.
To begin with， high school students are in desperate need for guidance about their future， and teachers are the only competent candidate to provide it. I know this from my personal experience. When I was in high school， a great portion of my classmates' only goal is to reach for the minimum requirement for graduation， and to be able to get an offer from a middle-ranged college in the US， as all 15-year-old boys are profoundly addicted to either computer games or love affairs. Because of our immature mind， we had no idea regarding the choice of universities， or the selection of a future career path. What made matters worse is that our high school teachers provided us with virtually zero guidance concerning our college applications， not because they lack of the intention， but simply because they know nothing about it. Consequently， the vast majority of our parents had to hire an outside agency that specializes in the college application process which costs tons of money. Later we realized that this is an utter mistake， for what they did was simply giving us the timeline of the application process，translating our personal statements and recommendation letters from Chinese into English，and finally mailing out all our materials to the US. All of these simple tasks could be performed by ourselves， and these misfortunes surely could have been avoided if we had the luck to meet more competent teachers， with the ability to warn students and their parents about the black-hearted agencies and lay out lucid plans for students' future.
The capability to find the students who need assistance most and help them， on the other hand， is not that imperative. The reason for this is quite simple， since high school students would come to teachers voluntarily if they are in serious trouble. In other words， many times students don't want to be bothered by a teacher who treats them like a baby-sitter. As for the “help” part， I firmly hold the faith that all teachers are already equipped with the willingness to solve student's problem gladly， using their prehistoric powers， no matter how difficult the situation can be. So the willingness to help students should be the minimum standard to be qualified as a teacher.
Similarly， the skill to teach students how to learn outside the classroom is completely unnecessary. For one， most high school students have no time outside their classrooms at all， as all their spare time is already occupied by cram school or by extracurricular activities. Even in the rare circumstance that some students may have free time， parents could always play the part of their instructor on how to self-study.
本篇文章在结构的处理上，做到了清晰、简单。第一个主体段在证明第一项能力是非常必要的。第二、三主体段在分别证明第二、三项能力是不重要的。整个段落结构很明确，”踩二捧一“突出观点的结构更容易获得高分，大家在行文过程中要注意避免结构过于复杂和混乱。

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