托福独立写作话题素材拓展：友谊
对于很多TOEFLer来说，托福独立写作最让人惆怅的并不是不会写，而是不知道该写啥?托福独立写作部分话题涉及各类领域，考察考生对特定话题的独立观点阐述， 而让很多考生感到头疼的恰恰不是语言表达本身，而是拿到题目不知从何写起，遇到自己之前不熟悉不了解的话题，往往大脑一片空白。还有些同学因此走极端开始进行各类素材的疯狂记忆积累，背到最后舌头打结却并不能清楚明晰自己到底都背了啥。
其实，托福独立写作的思路拓展我们完全可以“功夫在平时”，通过日常阅读和听力材料积累必要的话题素材，不求字字句句铭记只需大概了解特定范畴，再在日常托福备考中注意练习应用，学会触类旁通融会贯通，考场上自然可以心中有数。下面我们来看一些和友谊有关的话题素材拓展。
要成就一段友谊，需要具备哪些条件呢?从“友谊”的构成元素(components)来看，有以下几点：
Component 1: Essential Qualities (重要的品质)
包括诚实(honesty)，忠诚(loyalty)和善良 (kindness)。能否成为朋友，最核心的问题是一些基本的品质，而不是兴趣爱好。
Sample Sentences:
1. To be friends, people need to possess some essential qualities, such as honesty, loyalty and kindness.
2. Some people claim that as long as the person is kind and honest, it’s possible to be a friend with him or her.
Component 2: Common interests and values(共同语言和价值观)
“共同语言”和“价值观”是否是成为朋友的必备条件属于仁者见仁智者见智的条件。有共同语言和价值观的人可以聊得很尽兴，拥有不同背景的人也可以分享各自的观点，双方获得不同的信息以开阔眼界(broaden one’s horizon)。
Sample sentences:
1. Some people hold the opinion that it’s difficult to be friends with different hobbies and views, however, I think people with different interests and values can learn a lot from each other by communication.
2. It’s definitely possible to be friends with people from diverse backgrounds, since we can share our views and broaden our horizons.
Component 3: Cooperation and competition(合作与竞争)
朋友既可以是来自相同背景的，也可以是非常迥异的人通过竞争与合作共同进步。同时，当今社会竞争如此激烈，有不同背景的朋友有利于在社会上立足。
Sample sentences:
1. With different expertise, friends can make progress together by cooperation and competition.
2. Making friends with variety kinds of people fits in with the trends of nowadays’ society, since it’s competitive everywhere, we need all sorts of help.
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